电容式液氢密度传感器校准技术研究北大核心

介绍了电容式液氢密度传感器(capacitive density sensor for liquid hydrogen,简称"CDSLH")的特点及测量原理,建立了一套电容式液氢密度传感器校准试验系统,通过试验系统分别将实验容器内液氢调节出低密度状态(约50kg/m^3)、常温常压状态(约71kg/m^3)和高密度状态(约80kg/m^3),测量各工况点液氢的温度和压力,查NASA的氢热物理性能手册(NASA SP-3089)来得到对应的密度,以此作为密度的标准值,同时通过电容式密度传感器测量传感器在各工况点液氢中的电容,再利用电容与液氢的密度之间的函数关系计算得到对应的密度,视为密度的测量值,将其与标准值进行比较,完成密度校准。结果满足电容式液氢密度传感器的校准使用要求。     

基于自适应遗传算法的三轴磁强计校准（英文）

针对MEMS磁强计的精度无法满足姿态测量系统的航向角测量要求,对磁强计的误差来源进行了模型化分析,设计了一种基于自适应遗传算法的空间椭球磁强计校准方法。首先,采取自适应遗传算法,对磁强计测量的原始数据进行空间椭球的拟合,用估计的参数进行刻度系数、软磁干扰、硬磁干扰与零位偏置的综合误差补偿。其次,利用最小二乘法求解出非正交轴的方向余弦,进行非正交误差和安装误差的补偿。最后,将该方法应用到某姿态测量系统中,分别用未补偿和补偿后的数据进行姿态测量实验,实验结果表明该方法准确计算出磁强计的误差参数,使补偿后的航向角精度提高了6.8倍。     

基于光谱密度的差分吸收光谱法气体测量系统的校准研究

差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)是基于朗伯比尔定律的光谱法测量气体的重要方法,按此原理建立的测量系统是测量痕量气体的主要方法。用于测量痕量气体的DOAS系统的关键是其检出限的校准,传统的方法是使用标准气体进行校准。但是由于标准气体自身的量值确定问题,在ppb甚至ppt级的不确定度大于10%,而一般的ppt级的DOAS测量系统本身的不确定度也会高于标准气体,导致传统方法失效。提出一种基于光谱密度的DOAS系统校准方法,利用朗伯比尔定律将DOAS系统的检出限和光谱密度建立关系。由于光谱密度作为光学量值可以测量到10-6甚至更高,所以通过该方法可以实现DOAS系统在ppb乃至ppt级的校准。本方法需要根据待校准的测量系统光学结构的基本参数计算其总的标准光学密度值,然后把标准光学密度片放入测量系统光程中,测得其光学密度值,根据前后两次光学密度计算测量系统的测量偏差,进而分析计算测量系统的标准不确定度和标定的扩展不确定度,所得到的标定的扩展不确定度即为测量系统的检出限。该方法完全基于光学测量,不需引入标准气体评估,基于光学密度的精密测量和测量系统光学结构的装调误差,实现测量系统在较小不确定度水平上的标定,提高检出限标定的精度。本方法在开放光程式的DOAS系统上进行了实验验证。     

环境空气监测气体分析仪在线校准装置研制

设计一种新型的膜渗透动态配气系统,将动态配气膜渗透技术、基体空气标准添加方法、大气采样技术相结合,研制环境空气监测气体分析仪在线校准装置.该装置实现了环境空气污染组分SO2、NO2、CO在线监测仪的连续、实时、基体添加校准,校准不确定度小于3％(k=2).设计的长寿命膜渗透动态配气系统制备的标准气体混合物,可以连续使用...     

《宇航计测技术》2013年第1期目录

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UJ31型电位差计中采用不同平衡指示器校准电流表

电位差计常用于精确测量电动势、电压、电流、电阻等电学量,在实验室可用来校准电表。文章对实验室频繁使用的电流表采用UJ31型电位差计配用不同的平衡指示器进行校准,对所测数据进行分析对比,得出被校表的准确度等级及采用不同平衡指示器时的测量结果。     

Twin-image problem in digital holography—a survey(Invited Paper)

Zero-order and twin images are a serious obstacle in achieving a high-quality output in in-line digital holography （DH）. They decrease the useful bandwidth of the off-axis DH. Over the years the twin image removal problem was approached both by instrumental and numerical means. The paper provides an extended survey of the proposed solutions with their pros and cons as a guide for further advance in this field. Processing of a single spatial carrier fringe pattern involves spatial filtering in the frequency domain, spatial phase-shifting （PS） or wavelet transform. A point source digital holographic microscopy （DHM）, introduction of calibration measurements or various modifications of PS technique are instrumental solutions to the twin image problem for in-line DH. Numerical solutions to the same problem include iterative and non-iterative approaches, diffraction-based and inverse problem solutions, reconstruction of purely real or phase objects and of complex objects, reconstruction of plane and volume objects. Elimination only of the zero-order image relies on non-linear filtering or additional calibration measurements.     

Research on calibration method in lab of direct solar channels of Sun photometer

We develop a new calibration method in lab by measuring the absolute spectral irradiance responsivity of Sun photometer sun channel. The absolute power responsivity of Sun photometer is obtained when a white laser double monochromator system serve as a source, and a standard transfer detector calibrated against cryogenic absolute radiometer is assembled to measure the absolute power of laser beam. The effective area of aperture is measured through laser raster scanning method, and the relative spectral irradiance responsivity of the corresponding channel is obtained by using tungsten-halogen lamps double monoehromator system. On the basis of the above results, the top of the atmosphere responsive constants V0 （500, 675, and 870 nm） are obtained by integration with extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance data. Comparing the calibration results with that of CIMEL, France in November 2011, the relative differences are 4.38%, 2.23%, and 2.45%, respectively. The calibration uncertainty reaches to 2.048×10^-2, which shows a remarkable consistency with the Langley plot method. Further, our scheme can overcome the limits of space and atmospheric conditions which are only available at a high-altitude calibration site in particular date. The advantages lie in not only shortening the experiment period but also being of high precision. This new scheme definitely plays an important role in supporting the current and future sun photometry calibration activities which are significant to earth observation.     

A pressure calibration method for a portable wide-access ＂panoramic＂ cell

A simple and convenient pressure calibration method is developed for a newly designed portable wide-access ＇panoramic＇ cell. This cell is adapted to angle-dispersive-mode high-pressure in situ neutron diffraction of reactor neutron sources. This pressure calibration method has established a relationship between the cell pressure and the anvil displace- ment （gasket compression） based on the fixed-point calibration technique. By employing TiZr gasket with a thickness of 3 mm and WC anvil with a culet of 4 mm diameter, the average anvil displacements are 1.31 mm and 2.22 mm for Bi phase transitions （2.55 GPa and 7.7 GPa）, and 1.85 mm for Ba phase transitions （5.5 GPa）, respectively. In this pressure range, the pressure increases quickly with decreasing gasket thickness, and undergoes a linear increase with the anvil displacement. By extrapolating the calibration curve, the cell pressure will achieve 10 GPa when the anvil displacement is around 2.5 ram.     

Online charge calibration of LHAASO-WCDA——a study with the engineering array

LHAASO-WCDA is a large ground-based water Cherenkov detector array planned to be built at ShangriLa, Yunnan Province, China. As a major component of the LHAASO project, the main purpose of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey the northern sky for very-high-energy（above 100 GeV） gamma ray sources and measure the spectrum. To gain full knowledge of the water Cherenkov technique and to investigate the engineering issues, a 9-cell detector array has been built at the Yang-Ba-Jing site, neighboring the ARGO-YBJ experiment. With the array, charge calibration methods for both low and high ranges of the PMT readout are studied, whose result shows that a precision at several percentages can be reached, which can satisfy the requirement of the detector array. During the long term operation, the charge calibration stability and environmental afection are studied; in this paper, the results are discussed. These calibration methods are proposed to be applied in the future LHAASO-WCDA project.