Preparation and characterization of polyphenylene sulfide-based chelating fibers

A series of novel chelating fibers containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen heteroatoms were prepared via the functionalization of chloromethylated polyphenylene sulfide （CMPPS）. The structures, micromorpholo- gy and physicochemical properties of these fibrous adsorptive materials were characterized by FT-IR, elementary analysis, TG and SEM-EDS. The results show that chelating fibers had high functional group contents （3.94 mmol/g for thiourea, 3.85 mmol/g for mercapto, 5.00 mmol/g for methylamine and 6.07 mmol/g for ethylenediamine, respectively）. Owing to the unique matrix of polyphenylene sulfide fiber, these fibrous adsorbents possess excellent thermostability. This synthetic method proved a simple and efficient way for the preparation of chelating fibers.     

静电纺丝制备碳纳米管基复合纳米纤维的研究进展

碳纳米管(CNTs)作为增强材料与聚合物复合制成纳米纤维,有助于提高纳米纤维性能,扩展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备CNTs基复合纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了CNTs/PAN复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PANI/PEO复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PVA复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PA复合纳米纤维、CNTs/TiO2复合纳米纤维的研究进展及其在纳米传感器、电磁干扰、超级电容器、染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)、组织工程支架、药物控制释放等方面的应用潜力,展望了CNTs基复合纳米纤维的发展前景。     

磷钼酸/PMMA静电纺丝纤维的制备及形貌研究

通过静电纺丝技术制备了磷钼酸/PMMA复合纤维,研究了PMMA的相对分子质量、磷钼酸的含量及混合溶剂中DMF与乙醇的体积比对复合纤维形貌及直径的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合纤维的形貌进行了观察,并测试了不同条件纺丝溶液的电导率、黏度和表面张力。研究发现,PMMA的相对分子质量和DMF与乙醇的体积比对复合纤维的形貌影响较为明显,磷钼酸的含量对复合纤维的直径影响显著。较为理想的纺丝条件为:PMMA的重均分子量为60000,纺丝液中磷钼酸的含量为16mg/mL,DMF与乙醇的体积比为6∶4。     

磁场辅助静电纺有序聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的研究

磁场辅助静电纺丝方法能够制备有序纳米纤维,但是其参数之间的匹配关系很少被研究。本文通过正交实验,对影响磁场辅助静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的四个工艺参数(溶液浓度、磁铁间距、纺丝电压和注射速度)在3个水平上进行优化筛选。以纤维直径大小、均匀度和纤维有序度为考察目标,同时考虑溶液浓度、磁铁间距与纺丝电压这三个因素之间的两两交互作用,结合极差分析、方差分析,发现溶液浓度是影响纤维直径和均匀度的高度显著因素,溶液浓度和纺丝电压的交互作用对直径均匀度有显著影响,纺丝电压是影响纤维有序度的显著因素。     

生物法PTT纤维及原料研究进展

生物质材料在许多领域显现出广阔的应用前景。PTT纤维作为生物质纤维新品种,以其优良的性能、环保和可持续发展成为业内研究的新热点。系统介绍了国内外生物法1,3-丙二醇研究进展及生产概况,指出微生物法的能耗优势和技术瓶颈;详细综述了生物法PTT纤维制备、结构及性能等方面的研究进展,阐明了发展生物法纤维及其制品的有利形势。随着生物法1,3-丙二醇制备技术的日臻完善,长期制约PTT纤维发展的原料成本进一步降低,生物法PTT纤维的高速发展值得期待。     

Electrospun CuFe2O4 nanotubes as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Herein,we report on the synthesis and lithium storage properties of electrospun one-dimensional(1D) CuFe_2O_4 nanomaterials.1D CuFe_2O_4nanotubes and nanorods were fabricated by a single spinneret electrospinning method followed by thermal decomposition for removal of polymers from the precursor fibers.The as-prepared CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes with wall thickness of ~50 nm presented diameters of ~150 nm and lengths up to several millimeters.It was found that phase separation between the electrospun composite materials occured during the electrospinning process,while the as-spun precursor nanofibers composed of polyacrylonitrile(PAN),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and metal salts might possess a core-shell structure(PAN as the core and PVP/metal salts composite as the shell) and then transformed to a hollow structure after calcination.Moreover,as a demonstration of the functional properties of the 1D nanostructure.CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes and nanorods were investigated as anodes for lithium ion batteries(LIBs).It was demonstrated that CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes not only delivered a high reversible capacity of ~816 mAh·g~(-1) at a current density of 200 mA·g~(-1)over 50 cycles,but also showed superior rate capability with respect to counterpart nanorods.Probably,the enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to its high specific surface areas as well as the unique hollow structure.     

卟啉化聚合物纤维膜负载TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

通过烯基铁卟啉分别和苯乙烯、丙烯腈及甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚制备三种卟啉化聚合物,然后利用静电纺丝技术将这三种卟啉共聚物与TiO2颗粒共纺制备卟啉共聚物纤维膜负载TiO2光催化剂。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征结果显示卟啉共聚物纤维负载TiO2催化剂都具有良好的纤维结构,纤维直径约为1.0-2.0μm。X-射线衍射仪(XRD)则表明TiO2的晶型在纺丝前后都没有受到明显影响。对甲基橙溶液的催化降解实验结果显示:铁卟啉-丙烯腈共聚物负载TiO2催化剂的光催化活性最高,而且铁卟啉的含量对催化剂催化活性起着非常重要的作用。优化后的铁卟啉-丙烯腈共聚物纤维膜负载TiO2光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到76.3%,同时纤维膜结构有利于催化剂的回收和重复使用。     

纤维二糖与葡萄糖催化转化制备乙二醇(英文)

选用纤维二糖作为探针分子,探索纤维素催化转化制备乙二醇过程的反应路径.分别考察了纤维二糖和葡萄糖在双组分催化剂H2WO4和Ru/C下的催化反应活性.结果表明,乙二醇不仅来自于纤维二糖水解产物葡萄糖的逆羟醛缩合作用,同时也可以来自于纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合过程.而且,纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合作用对糖苷键的水解也有一定的促进作用.比较发现,钨基催化剂作用下纤维二糖的逆羟醛缩合反应活性比葡萄糖要低,因此乙醇醛可以缓慢产生并在Ru/C催化剂上迅速加氢生成乙二醇.使得以纤维二糖作为原料比以葡萄糖作为原料时获得更高的乙二醇收率.     

Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.     

Solution Blowing of Poly（dimethylsiloxane）/Nylon 6 Nanofiber Mats for Protective Applications

A new strategy was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic nylon 6 nanofibers, in which the blend solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) prepolymer and nylon 6 was spun using an innovative solution blowing process, and then the PDMS prepolymer contianning nanofibers were cured to obtain PDMS/nylon 6 nanofiber mats. Morphology, surface composition, non-wetting property and protective performance were investigated. The results showed that the addition of PDMS prepolymer improved the spinnability of the spinning solutions, and the PDMS/nylon 6 nanofibers had smooth surfaces and diameters from 100 nm to 350 nm. The presence of PDMS effectively enhanced the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber mats, showing water contact angles of 132° to 161° for PDMS contents of 1 wt% to 3 wt%. The PDMS/nylon 6 mats also possessed excellent protective and transport properties. The results indicated the potential application of the novel nanofiber mats in protective clothing.