管径及气体性质对爆轰极限的影响实验研究

本文在大尺度(D=50.3 mm,63.5 mm)光滑管道内对四种预混气(2H₂+O₂+50%Ar,C₂H₂+2.5O₂+70%Ar,C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85%Ar,CH₄+2O₂)进行了爆轰实验研究;获得了爆轰极限p_c和胞格尺寸λ,分析了四种气体的不稳定性,计算了边界层位移厚度δ^*和诱导长度?_i,深入研究了管径和气体性质对爆轰极限的影响。实验结果表明：随着初始压力和管径的减小,边界层位移厚度增大,边界效应加强,热损失增多,爆轰临界压力变大;大尺度管道内,不稳定性对极限的影响占据主导,因此极限情况下不稳定气(CH₄+2O₂)符合判据λ=πD,稳定气(2H₂+O₂+50%Ar,C₂H_2<...     

小管径管翅式换热器气压胀接成形机理研究

管翅式换热器是制冷行业中最常用的换热器形式,其换热管的胀接性能决定了换热器的传热性能.本文提出了管翅式换热器的三维流-固耦合模型,采用单向流固耦合瞬态数值模拟方法,对小管径管翅式换热器的流体和固体域的流动和变形特征开展了数值研究.计算结果表明:根据换热管和翅片的胀接成形要求和胀后管径要求,气压胀接压力的合理范围为P=12.5 MPa,与理论公式推导值一致.根据管翅应力随时间变化的规律可知,换热管接头处应力远大于其屈服极限66 MPa,翅片接头处应力刚好略大于其屈服极限132 MPa,满足胀接成形要求.胀后的换热管直径随着压力的增加其管径增大,换热管的径向位移在水平方向较小,垂直方向较大,其最大和最小位移差约为0.03 mm.探究了管翅间残余接触压力随胀接压力的变化,残余接触压力随胀接压力的变化可分为三个阶段.结果表明当胀接压力使得翅片内孔发生屈服后,继续增大胀接压力会导致胀接不完全.最后研究了保压时间的影响,结果表明保压时间的增加对胀接效果并没有明显影响.相关结果可为工程实际中小管径管翅式换热器气压胀接工艺提供理论指导.     

不同管径再循环蒸发器的理论计算与实验研究

建立均相流模型,对不同管径重力再循环蒸发器进行理论分析,并搭建重力再循环制冷系统试验台,在不同工况下进行对比。以R404A为例,在保温体内空气温度从0℃下降到-25℃情况下,16mm管径蒸发器传热系数从31.4W/m~2·K减少到27.9W/m~2·K,12mm管径蒸发器传热系数从27.2W/m~2·K减少到17.7W/m~2·K;16mm管径蒸发器制冷量从3.11k W升高到4.33k W,12mm管径蒸发器制冷量从2.01k W升高到4.62k W,两者的偏差从33.6%降低到-6.7%,库内温度越低,两者制冷量差距越大。对比结果表明,在低温工况下16mm管径的蒸发器相比12mm管径的蒸发器更适合重力再循环蒸发器。     

微含水量电解液中高管径比TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备

通过阳极氧化法在微含水量为0.5wt%的NH4F/乙二醇/H2O酸性电解质体系中制备了管径大、高管径比的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米管阵列。采用SEM、XRD等测试手段对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌及晶相进行表征,探讨了不同氧化时间、电压对纳米管阵列形貌的影响,微含水量下氧化电压可以适当增加,更容易得到规整的长纳米管阵列;通过测定样品的光电流和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱,研究分析了含水量以及超声工艺对纳米管光吸收及光电流特性,微含水量下得到的纳米管阵列可见光吸收边红移至420nm,对480~700nm可见光有明显的光吸收,光电流显著增大;丙酮作为超声介质可有效去除纳米管阵列表面的集束,能进一步提高纳米管阵列的光电性能。     

管径对碳纳米管负载铂催化剂氧还原的影响

A series of nanocatalysts consisting of acid treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different diameters (8-15, 20-30, 30-50, >50 nm) supporting platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (Pt/CNTs) were synthesized via a microwave-assisted ethylene glycol method. The as-synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their catalytic performances in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The experimental results showed that the diameter of the CNTs influences the particle size, loading, and dispersion of Pt NPs. Furthermore, the Pt/CNTs having different CNT diameters displayed different catalytic activities in the ORR. The catalyst Pt/CNT₈, which was prepared by using CNTs with diameters ranging between 8-15 nm as the support, exhibited the highest Pt loading, catalytic activity, and stability in the ORR. The mass activity of Pt/CNT₈ was determined to be 0.188 A·mg^-1 at 0.9 V, which is folds higher than that of the commercially available JM Pt/C catalyst. After testing the stability for 5000 potential cycles, the negative shift (~7 mV) of the half-wave potential for Pt/CNT₈ was found to be significantly lesser than that for the JM Pt/C catalyst (~32 mV), indicating superior catalytic stability.