Studies of thermal stability of nanocrystalline SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, and SiC for semiconductor and thermocatalytic gas sensors

The thermal stability of synthesized and commercial SnO₂, ZrO₂, and SiC nanopowders is compared. The crystallite growth rate during the isothermal annealing of the materials at 700°C for 30 h is evaluated. The crystallites’ average size was determined by X-ray phase analysis (using the Scherrer method). The effect of impurity content on the kinetics of crystallite growth is studied for the synthesized SnO₂ and ZrO₂. Semiconductor and thermocatalytic sensors, based on the synthesized and commercial materials, are manufactured. The long-term stability of the sensors’ signal is compared with the thermal stability of the nanopowders.     

Synthesis of porous and nonporous ZnO nanobelt, multipod, and hierarchical nanostructure from Zn-HDS

Zn based hydroxide double salts (Zn-HDS) with an interlayer spacing of 20 Å was produced by dissolving dumbbell-like ZnO crystal. The resulting Zn-HDS with a ribbon-like shape has a suitable morphology to explore the remarkably mild procedure for synthesis of ZnO nanobelts. We found that the intercalated water molecules into the Zn-HDS could play a key role in the ZnO nanobelts porosity. The nonporous ZnO nanobelts were successfully synthesized from the Zn-HDS by soft-solution process at 95 °C through mild dehydration agent as Na₂CO₃. As-synthesized ZnO nanobelts were grown along not only the [0 1 −1 0], but also the [2 −1 −1 0]. On the other hand, the porous ZnO nanobelts were obtained from the Zn-HDS by calcinations at 200 and 400 °C. In addition, flower-like ZnO multipod and hierarchical nanostructures were produced from the Zn-HDS by using of strong dehydration agent (NaOH) through hydrothermal reaction at 150 and 230 °C.     

Ethanol-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties of coral-like β-Co(OH)2 nanostructures

Highly uniform, porous β-Co(OH)₂ nanostructures with an appearance reminding of certain spherical corals were synthesized via a facile, one-step hydrothermal route using ethanol-water mixtures as solvents. The rough surfaces of the nanostructures consist of numerous randomly distributed, interconnecting nanoflakes, resulting in a network-like structure with many cavities. The coral-like product has a high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller specific surface area of 163 m²/g. The diameter of the coral-like β-Co(OH)₂ nanostructures is adjustable from 800 nm to 2 μm. The effects of the ethanol/water ratio, the Co²⁺ concentration, the hydrothermal temperature, and the reaction time on the formation of the coral-like structures were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests show that the β-Co(OH)₂ possesses excellent capacitive properties. This is mainly attributed to the high porosity, which allows a deep penetration by electrolytes.     

An optimum strategy for solution chemistry using semiempirical molecular orbital method: Importance of description of charge distribution

For the purpose to execute direct dynamics calculation in solution chemistry, we propose an optimum strategy for solution chemistry using semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method with neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) approximation with specific solution reaction parameters (SSRP), i.e., the NDDO‐SSRP method. In this strategy, the empirical parameters of the semi‐empirical MO method were optimized individually for target molecule or ion by reference to the ab initio MO calculation data for many configurations on the potential energy surface near the reaction path. For demonstration, the NDDO‐SSRP method was applied to two molecules and two ions (OH^?, H₂O, NH₃, NH₄⁺) at their equilibrium states in aqueous solution, respectively. Accordingly, it was verified that both the potential energy surface and the charge distribution of these solutes in aqueous solution are dramatically improved to reproduce themselves accurately at ab initio MO calculation level. In conclusion, it is expected that the NDDO‐SSRP method should become quite useful for dynamic and statistical applications to chemical reaction systems in solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

铜锌铝三元水滑石畸变结构和稳定性的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论,用CASTEP程序模块构建水滑石(CuxZn3-xAl-LDHs)周期性计算模型,进行模型的几何全优化,对各体系的结构参数、氢键、Mulliken电荷布居及结合能等进行分析,探讨体系中的Jahn-Teller效应和结构稳定性.计算结果表明,层板中Cu2+与Zn2+交错排列的构型比较稳定.随着层板上Cu2+取代Zn2+的量增多,晶胞对称性变差,但Cu2+的Jahn-Teller效应对中心Al3+的影响较小.CuxZn3-xAl-LDHs(x=0～3)体系中离子键逐渐变强,共价键逐渐变弱,体系整体上由共价型晶体向离子型晶体转变.体系中Jahn-Teller效应导致的畸变使主-客体作用力增强,其中静电作用力减弱,氢键强度变大,且氢键作用占优势.总体上,体系的结合能绝对值逐渐减小,稳定性降低,这对于合成含铜的LDHs材料具有理论指导意义.     

KOH对超临界水中褐煤连续制氢的影响

采用连续式超临界水反应装置,以20%的水煤浆为反应原料,考察了不同KOH/煤质量比、温度、压力对褐煤制氢过程的影响。实验结果表明,在水煤浆中添加KOH可以提高碳气化率及H2的体积分数和产率,在600℃、25 MPa、KOH/煤质量比为4.1%时,与未加KOH相比,气相产物收率由29.6%提高到49.5%,碳气化率由23.0%增大到31.5%;H2的产率由135.4 mL/(g daf coal)提高到239.1 mL/(g daf coal)。随着温度的升高,H2产率逐渐增大,650℃时达到287.8 mL/(g daf coal),是500℃时的5.4倍;高温、高压下,KOH对煤气化过程的催化作用更为明显。     

以四乙基氢氧化铵-四甲基氯化铵为模板剂水热法合成 UZM-5 沸石

 以四乙基氢氧化铵 (TEAOH)-四甲基氯化铵 (TMACl) 为复合模板剂, 采用静态水热法合成了 UZM-5 沸石. 较为系统地考察了合成条件对 UZM-5 沸石的生长和晶化的影响, 并采用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱和热重等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 在 SiO2:(0.16~0.5)Al2O3:(0.4~1.0)TEAOH:(0.06~0.13)TMACl:20H2O 的初始反应物摩尔比条件下, 均能获得结晶良好的 UZM-5 沸石. 适宜的晶化温度为 403~423 K, 过高的晶化温度将导致无定形产物的生成. 当以硅溶胶为硅源时, 晶化只需 2 d, 而以硅酸或硅胶为硅源时则分别需要 4 d 和 5 d, 过长的晶化时间导致杂晶方钠石的生成. Na+ 的存在容易导致 UZM-9 沸石的生成, 影响产物的相选择性.     

2011年约稿： 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铜合金中锆量的不确定度评定

讨论了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铜合金中锆量分析结果不确定度产生的原因。建立了数学模型,对测量重复性,标准溶液,标准曲线变动性,试液体积,试样称量,数字修约等引起的不确定分量进行评定,计算了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,并给出铜合金中锆量测定结果的报告。评定结果表明：测量重复性,标准曲线线性回归引起的不确定度对总不确定度影响最大。所以,在测定中应进行多次平行测定,特别注意标准曲线的校正和绘制校准曲线所用标准样品的选择。     

溶剂热法制备Cd(OH)_2和CdO纳米盘研究性实验

利用溶剂热法设计了合成Cd(OH)2和CdO纳米盘的研究性实验.以Cd(CH3COO)2等为镉源,与NaOH在水和乙二醇的混合溶剂中反应得到Cd(OH)2纳米盘(中间镉产物),后在高温下煅烧中间产物分解得到CdO纳米盘.该实验有助于理解溶剂热法中各实验参量的作用以及如何通过调节各实验参量最终得到目标产物.