Pulsed Corona Discharges for Tar Removal from Biomass Derived Fuel Gas

To supply combustion engines or gasturbines with fuel gas obtained from biomass gasification, it is necessary to clean the fuel gas. Also the production of chemicals by processes such as Fisher-Tropsch requires a high gas quality. Especially heavy aromatic hydrocarbons (tars) must be removed. In this work, we give an overview of our investigations on tar removal by pulsed corona discharges as an alternative approach to catalytic or thermal tar cracking. Experimental results (at a gas temperature of 200°C) are reported for the removal of various model tar components in synthetic fuel gas. In order to identify the major reaction pathways, experiments were also done on tars in individual fuel gas components. The results show that tar removal by pulsed corona processing is possible. The process for tar removal is mainly via oxidation. Also termination reactions by CO play an important role.     

石墨毡载纳米δ-MnO2高性能除铵净水材料研究

首先制备了α-MnO₂纳米花簇、β-MnO₂纳米针和δ-MnO₂微米颗粒三种不同晶型的MnO₂粉末材料，对其结构、形貌及吸附除铵能力进行了表征和测试.结果表明，层间距（7.2Å）大于NH₄⁺直径（2.96Å）和水合NH₄⁺直径（6.62Å）的δ-MnO₂相比其他两种晶型的MnO₂有更高的NH₄⁺吸附量；接着研究采用KMnO₄原位氧化还原法在石墨毡（GF）上直接生长超薄δ-MnO₂纳米片（MnO₂NPs）阵列构筑了石墨毡载纳米MnO₂（MnO₂NPs/GF）多级结构材料，制备简单，无须成型造粒就可直接用作除铵净水材料，研究结果表明，MnO₂NPs/GF不仅具有较高的吸附量（15 mg·g^－1）与良好的选择性，同时还展现了优异的快速吸附和稳定的循环使用性能.MnO₂NPs/GF对水中NH₄⁺的吸附符合准二级动力学模型，其吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式，是吸附-离子交换法除铵的理想材料.     

The development of an integrated platform to identify breast cancer glycoproteome changes in human serum

Protein glycosylation represents one of the major post-translational modifications and can have significant effects on protein function. Moreover, changes in the carbohydrate structure are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. In this report, we describe the development of a proteomics approach to identify breast cancer related changes in either concentration and/or the carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein(s) present in blood samples. Diseased and healthy serum samples were processed by an optimized sample preparation protocol using multiple lectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) that partitions serum proteins based on glycan characteristics. Subsequently, three separate procedures, 1D SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing and an antibody microarray, were applied to identify potential candidate markers for future study. The combination of these three platforms is illustrated in this report with the analysis of control and cancer glycoproteomic fractions. Firstly, a molecular weight based separation of glycoproteins by 1D SDS-PAGE was performed, followed by protein, glycoprotein staining, lectin blotting and LC–MS analysis. To refine or confirm the list of interesting glycoproteins, isoelectric focusing (targeting sialic acid changes) and an antibody microarray (used to detect neutral glycan shifts) were selected as the orthogonal methods. As a result, several glycoproteins including alpha-1B-glycoprotein, complement C3, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin were identified as potential candidates for further study.     

Removal of dust from flue gas in magnetically stabilized fluidized bed

A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB, φ 500mm x 2100mm) was designed to study dust removal from flue gas. Based on the mechanism of dust removal in a fixed bed, the effects on collection efficiency of magnetic field intensity, ratio of flue gas velocity to minimum fluidization velocity, bed height, and particle average diameter, were investigated. Then feasible methods for MSFB to better remove dust were proposed. Over 95% of dust removal with MSFB can be achieved, when stable fluidization is maintained and when magnetic particles are frequently renewed.     

Moisture Removal from a Two-Layer Porous Media: A Conceptual Model and Experimental Results

Moisture removal from a two-layer porous media in which air is circulated through one layer and moisture is removed from the second has not been well studied due to the emphasis given to single-layer systems. This two-layer configuration is common in natural and engineered systems and can be used as a means to create a barrier to downward migrating fluids and to remove liquids and gases that may be present in the finer layer. However, there is little data on moisture removal from a two-layer porous media in which air is circulated through one layer parallel to the interface and moisture is removed from the finer second layer by evaporation. A conceptual model of the moisture removal from a two-layer porous media system was developed and compared to experimental moisture removal rates from laboratory scale dry barriers. The limited experimental data agrees well with the results predicted by the conceptual model, providing an initial validation.     

陶瓷过滤器高温除尘技术的研究进展

对陶瓷过滤元件及结构、滤饼的作用和架桥、过滤器故障安全（CPP）系统及陶瓷过滤器高温气体净化一体化技术等几个方面进行了评述，总结了陶瓷过滤器存在着过滤管破裂、清灰效率下降、管板和器壁的连接及脉冲阀的长期稳定性等几个问题，指出新型陶瓷材料的研究和陶瓷过滤器高温气体净化一体化技术是陶瓷过滤器今后的研究方向．     

Calixcrowns and Related Supramolecular Systems

Our main results in the chemistry of 1,3-calix[4]-bis-crowns taken from recent literature are reported.     

Knowledge‐based choice of the initiator type for monomer removal by postpolymerization

The mechanisms involved in monomer removal by postpolymerization were investigated to establish a criterion to select the most effective initiator systems. Three redox systems yielding radicals of different hydrophobicities were studied. Efficiency in monomer removal by postpolymerization increased with the hydrophobicity of the radical formed from the initiator system. This result was independent of the water solubility of the residual monomer. The mechanistic reasons for this finding are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4245–4249, 2002     

Highly selective detection of Cu2+ based on a thiosemicarbazone triphenylacetylene fluorophore

A novel thiosemicarbazone fluorophore (3) was successfully synthesized in 3 steps via Sonogashira coupling and Knoevenagel condensation using baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a biocatalyst. Compound 3 contains triphenylacetylene, which acts as a fluorophore, and thiosemicarbazone, which acts as a copper probe. Compound 3 exhibited highly selective detection of Cu²⁺ ions based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in 10 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.4/propylene glycol (70% (v/v)). A linear relationship was observed for Cu²⁺ concentrations between 0.1 nM and 10 μM, and the detection limit of the method was 0.14 nM. Additionally, 3 was utilized to detect Cu²⁺ in wastewater with satisfactory results, which highlighted its potential for real sample applications.