New organogermanium cations [RGe(OCH2CH2NME2)2]+ with intramolecular N→Ge coordination bonds

New organohalogermanes RGe(OCH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂X (R = Ph, X = I (5); R = Me, X = Cl (6) or I (7)) with an intramolecular N→Ge coordination bond were synthesized. According to the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data, iodides 5 and 7 exist in solution as ionic compounds with the pentacoordinated germanium atom. In solution of compound 4 (R = Ph, X = Cl), there is an equilibrium between the ionic and covalent forms. The equilibrium shifts toward the ionic form with increasing solvent polarity or temperature. In solution, chloride 6 is a covalent compound. The structures and relative stabilities of different isomers of compounds 4–7 were studied by quantum chemical calculations at the density functional level of theory. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 892–900, May, 2007.     

A new method for the synthesis of silicon-and germanium-containing 2-acetylfurans and 2-acetylthiophenes

A new method was developed for the synthesis of silicon-and germanium-containing acetylfurans and acetylthiophene by metallation of 2-acetylfuran or 2-acetylthiophene with n-BuLi at low temperature after protection of the carbonyl group with lithium N-methylpiperazide and reaction of the lithium derivative with various trialkyl-, alkylphenyl-, and cycloalkylchlorosilanes or trialkylchloro(bromo)germanes. The cytotoxic activity of the new compounds was studied, and it was established that the silicon-and germanium-containing acetylfurans and acetylthiophenes are substances with low toxicity (LD₅₀ 312->2000 mg/kg) and have low cytotoxicity toward HT-1080 and MG-22A tumor cells. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 192–199, February, 2007.     

Synthesis of substituted 4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-ones as possible schistosomicidal agents

Summary A new series of thiophenic isosters of thioxanthones, namely: 2-substituted-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-ones and 5-substituted-2-nitro-8-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-ones were synthesized as potential schistosomicidal agents. The synthesized compounds were characterized by their¹H-NMR data.

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Synthese von substituierten 4H-Thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-onen als mögliche schistosomicide Wirkstoffe

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine neue Serie von thiophenischen Isosteren des Thioxanthons, nämlich 2-substituierte 4H-Thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-one und 5-substituierte 2-Nitro-8-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-one als potentielle schistosomicide Wirkstoffe synthetisiert. Die synthetisierten Verbindungen wurden mittels ihrer¹H-NMR Daten charakterisiert.

     

Thermal reduction and reoxidation of spinel-type Cu1−xZnxAl2O4

The thermochemical reactivity of the spinel-type quaternary metal oxide Cu_1–xZn_xAl₂O₄ has been investigated for different Cu:Zn ratios. In oxygen or inert gas atmospheres no considerable reduction is observed. In molecular hydrogen metal selective reduction of the Cu is found at relatively high temperature. The solid reduction product is made up of sintered, poorly dispersed metallic copper on a Zn-Al-O metal oxide support, a potential catalyst for the methanol synthesis. Owing to the measured high reduction temperature leading to the mentioned sintering of the metallic copper, the activity of this system cannot be high.Financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation under project Nr. 2027933.89 is gratefully acknowledged.     

1H,13C NMR spectral data for α-, β-, and γ-lewisites and identification ofcis,trans, trans-γ-lewisite as a new isomer

The¹H and¹³C NMR spectral parameters of α-, β-, and y-lewisites1–5 were obtained and a new isomer,cis,trans,trans-γ-lewisite5, was isolated and identified on the basis of chemical shifts, relative intensities of the signals, and the intra-chain (³ J _hh ,³ J _ch ) and interchain (³ J _casch ) coupling constants. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1833–1835, October, 1993.     

Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ol and its Derivatives

Summary. A synthesis of 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidin-4-ol via direct heterocyclization of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, its O-epoxypropyl-, O-ethyl-, and O-benzylderivatives are described. Novel hydrazone derivatives with pyrazolidine units were also synthesized. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as elemental analyses.     

1—酰基—4—氯环己烷与取代芳烃的区域与立体选择性反应

从环己烯合成了１－酰基－４－氯环己烷，发现在其在ＡｌＣｌ３催化与苯，氯苯，溴苯等优先生成反式１－芳基－４－酰基环己烷，与联苯反应时选择性较差。     

Polyfunctional pyrazoles. 4. Synthesis of 3-[3-aryl-1-(2-ethoxycarbonyl)-4-pyrazolyl]acrylic and-propionic acids

3-(3-Aryl-4-formyl-1-pyrazolyl)propionic acids are converted by Knoevenagel condensation under conditions of microwave activation into 3-[3-aryl-1-(2-ethoxycarbonyl)-4-pyrazolyl]acrylic acids. Reduction of the latter with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Raney nickel gives 3-[3-aryl-1-(2-ethoxycarbonyl)-4-pyrazolyl]propionic acids. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 686–690, May, 2006.     

Phase equilibria for binary systems of octane boosters with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data at 95.96 kPa for the three binary systems of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with methyl tert-butyl ether, di-isopropyl ether and dimethoxymethane are determined. A Swietoslawski type ebulliometer is used for the measurements. The experimental T–x data are used to estimate Wilson parameters and the parameters, in turn, are used to calculate vapor phase compositions and activity coefficients. All the systems studied here do not exhibit azeotropes and behave like non-ideal solutions.     

Blood protein purification and simultaneous removal of nonenveloped viruses using tangential-flow preparative electrophoresis

Gradiflow is new technology allowing purification of important blood proteins from viral contaminated plasma. Protein purification is based on unique scalable tangential-flow preparative electrophoresis, and is distinct from current technology because protein purification and virus removal are performed in the same step. This one-step removal and purification exploits both the size and charge of target proteins. The medically important blood proteins, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and alpha-1-antitrypsin, were chosen to demonstrate the ability of this process to purify proteins from contaminated plasma. Clearance factors achieved by infectivity assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that meet regulatory requirements demonstrated removal of canine parvovirus (CPV). CPV is a model virus for pathogenic nonenveloped viruses, including parvovirus B19, not adequately removed or inactivated by most processes currently in practice. The recovery of proteins from plasma with high purity, recovery, and function, while simultaneously removing viruses, provides blood products with a level of purity compatible with clinical use more quickly and cheaply than available techniques.