Evolution in complex systems

What features characterize complex system dynamics? Power laws and scale invariance of fluctuations are often taken as the hallmarks of complexity, drawing on analogies with equilibrium critical phenomena. Here we argue that slow, directed dynamics, during which the system's properties change significantly, is fundamental. The underlying dynamics is related to a slow, decelerating but spasmodic release of an intrinsic strain or tension. Time series of a number of appropriate observables can be analyzed to confirm this effect. The strain arises from local frustration. As the strain is released through “quakes,” some system variable undergoes record statistics with accompanying log‐Poisson statistics for the quake event times. We demonstrate these phenomena via two very different systems: a model of magnetic relaxation in type II superconductors and the Tangled Nature model of evolutionary ecology and show how quantitative indications of aging can be found. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 49–56, 2004     

FeCoB-SiO2磁性纳米颗粒膜的微波电磁特性

采用交替沉积磁控溅射工艺制备了超薄多层的FeCoB SiO2 磁性纳米颗粒膜 .利用x射线衍射仪、扫描探针显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析了薄膜的微结构和形貌特征 .采用振动样品磁强计、四探针法、微波矢量分析仪及谐振腔法测量薄膜试样的磁电性能和微波复磁导率 .重点对SiO2 介质相含量、薄膜微结构对电磁性能产生重要影响的机理做了分析和探讨 .结果表明 :这类FeCoB SiO2 磁性纳米颗粒膜具有良好的软磁性能和高频电磁性能 ,2GHz时的磁导率 μ′高于 70 ,可以应用于高频微磁器件或微波吸收材料的设计     

稀土配合物Eu(asprin)_3phen发光特性的研究

将稀土配合物Eu(asprin)_3phen掺杂到导电聚合物PVK中,制成结构分别为ITO/PVK:RE配合物/LiF/AI(1),ITO/PVK:RE配合物/PBD/LiF/AI(2)的电致发光(EL)器件。发现二者的电致发光谱存在着较大的差别:在器件(1)中,来自Eu~(3 )的位于594nm(~5D_0→~7F_1)和614nm(~5D_0→~7F_2)处的发光强度大致相当,而在器件(2)中,EL主要来自Eu~(3 )位于614nm的发光,594nm处的发光很弱,与薄膜状态下的光致发光谱(PL)一致。并针对此现象进行了初步讨论。     

Ti(IV)/BINOL-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reaction of a masked acetoacetic ester: pronounced influence of catalyst concentration on nonlinear effects

Initial concentration of enantioenriched or enantiopure catalysts proved to be an important factor for the achievement of a more pronounced amplification of ee's in the Ti(IV)/BINOL-catalyzed aldol reaction of an O-silyldienolate.     

复调和函数及其在无穷远点的性质

本文讨论了复调和函数在无穷远点的性质,揭示出有界区域上复调和函数的两类表示式之间的关系.     

Networks, Fields and Organizations: Micro-Dynamics, Scale and Cohesive Embeddings

Social action is situated in fields that are simultaneously composed of interpersonal ties and relations among organizations, which are both usefully characterized as social networks. We introduce a novel approach to distinguishing different network macro-structures in terms of cohesive subsets and their overlaps. We develop a vocabulary that relates different forms of network cohesion to field properties as opposed to organizational constraints on ties and structures. We illustrate differences in probabilistic attachment processes in network evolution that link on the one hand to organizational constraints versus field properties and to cohesive network topologies on the other. This allows us to identify a set of important new micro-macro linkages between local behavior in networks and global network properties. The analytic strategy thus puts in place a methodology for Predictive Social Cohesion theory to be developed and tested in the context of informal and formal organizations and organizational fields. We also show how organizations and fields combine at different scales of cohesive depth and cohesive breadth. Operational measures and results are illustrated for three organizational examples, and analysis of these cases suggests that different structures of cohesive subsets and overlaps may be predictive in organizational contexts and similarly for the larger fields in which they are embedded. Useful predictions may also be based on feedback from level of cohesion in the larger field back to organizations, conditioned on the level of multiconnectivity to the field.     

Eigenvalue Spectrum of a Dirac Particle in Static and Spherical Complex Potential

It has been observed that a quantum theory need not be Hermitian to have a real spectrum. We study the non-Hermitian relativistic quantum theories for many complex potentials, and obtain the real relativistic energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of a Dirac-charged particle in complex statically and spherically symmetric potentials. Complex Dirac–Eckart, complex Dirac–Rosen–Morse II, complex Dirac–Scarf and complex Dirac–Poschl–Teller potential are investigated.     

On the Bavrin Integro-Differential Operators and Their Applications to Solution of Functional Equations

We construct a multiplicative group structure in the class of integro-differential operators specific for a polydisk which was introduced by I. I. Bavrin. We indicate two applications of these operators to solution of functional equations.     

Compact Kähler Surfaces with Trivial Canonical Bundle

The classical conjectures of Weil on K3 surfaces – that the set of suchsurfaces is connected; that a version of the Torelli theorem holds; thateach such surface is Kähler; and that the period map issurjective – are reconsidered in the light of a generalisation of theNakai–Moishezon criterion, and short proofs of all the conjectures aregiven. Most of the proofs apply equally or with minor variation tocomplex 2-tori, the only other compact Kähler surfaces with trivialcanonical bundle.     

Analytical study of a flattened Gaussian beam through multi-apertured optical imaging systems of B = 0

By using the methods of the matrix decomposition and expansion of the hard-edged aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the recurrence propagation expressions for a flattened Gaussian beam (FGB) through multi-apertured optical imaging systems of B = 0 are derived and illustrated with numerical examples. Comparisons with the straightforward numerical integration of the Collins formula and with the previous work are made. It is shown that the main advantages of our methods and results are the more accuracy and great reduction of computer time.