In vivo relaxation of N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine plus phosphocreatine, and choline containing compounds during the course of brain infarction: a proton MRS study.

Localized water suppressed proton spectroscopy has opened up a new field of pathophysiological studies of severe brain ischemia. The signals obtained with the pulse sequences used so far are both T₁ and T₂ weighted. In order to evaluate the extent to which changes in metabolite signals during the course of infarction can be explained by changes in T₁ and T₂ relaxation times, eight patients with acute stroke were studied. STEAM sequences with varying echo delay times and repetition times were used to measure T₁ and T₂ of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr) and choline containing compounds (CHO) in a 27-ml voxel located in the affected area of the brain. Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. We found no difference in T₁ or T₂ of the metabolites between the patients and the normal controls. The T₂ of CHO was longer than that of NAA and Cr+PCr. Our results indicate that spectra obtained in brain infarcts and normal tissue with the same acquisition parameters are directly comparable with respect to relative signal intensities as well as signals scaled with internal and external standards.     

Relationship between first mobilization following the onset of stroke and clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke in the general ward of a hospital: A cohort study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of first mobilization following a stroke with independently performing the activities of daily living at discharge in acute phase ischemic stroke patients in a general ward of a hospital. Methods: A total of 158 patients with ischemic strokes were admitted to a general ward from June 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. Of the 158 patients, 53 met the study''s eligibility criteria. First mobilization was defined as the transfer of a patient from the bed to a wheelchair by a rehabilitation therapist. A favorable primary outcome at discharge was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of < 3. The outcome was analyzed using the proportional hazards analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The age of the participants was 78.2 ± 11.7 years, stroke severity evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores on admission was 14.3 ± 10.6 points, and first mobilization of this population was 6.4 ± 5.2 days. Thirteen [25%] patients had a favorable outcome. Hazards analysis showed a favorable outcome due to first mobilization (adjusted hazards ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.98; p < 0.05). The cutoff point for first mobilization to produce a favorable outcome was 6.5 days after the stroke onset (area under the curve 0.729; p < 0.05). Conclusion: As seen in stroke units, early first mobilization is associated with improved clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients admitted to a general ward.     

奥拉西坦衍生物的设计、合成及抗血小板聚集活性研究

本文采用拼合策略,设计、合成了7个新型奥拉西坦衍生物。其中,化合物4a～4f由奥拉西坦与苯丙烯酸片段拼合得到; 4g则由奥拉西坦、吲哚布芬拼合得到。采用Bron比浊法测定目标化合物对花生四烯酸及二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集的抑制活性。结果表明,该系列化合物具有一定的抗血小板聚集活性,其中化合物4f的抗血小板聚集活性与阳性对照吲哚布芬相当。     

Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Glycopeptide Drug Candidates Related to PACAP1–23

The search for efficacious treatment of neurodegenerative and progressive neuroinflammatory diseases continues, as current therapies are unable to halt or reverse disease progression. PACAP represents one potential therapeutic that provides neuroprotection effects on neurons, and also modulates inflammatory responses and circulation within the brain. However, PACAP is a relatively long peptide hormone that is not trivial to synthesize. Based on previous observations that the shortened isoform PACAP_1–23 is capable of inducing neuroprotection in vitro, we were inspired to synthesize shortened glycopeptide analogues of PACAP_1–23. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of glycosylated PACAP_1–23 analogues that interact strongly with the PAC1 and VPAC1 receptors, while showing reduced activity at the VPAC2 receptor.     

人工触发闪电电流波形特征参数分析

通过分析在夏季强雷暴活动频繁的山东滨州地区连续4年人工触发闪电实验中所获得的闪电回击通道底部电流资料,结果表明人工触发闪电回击峰值电流几何平均值为14.6kA,电流波形10％—90%上升时间和30％—90%上升时间的几何平均值分别为2.3μs和1.8μs,相应上升陡度分别为4.7kA/μs和4.4kA/μs.波形半峰值宽度的几何平均值为17μs,回击1ms内转移电荷量的几何平均值为1.2C,回击电流作用积分的几何平均值为6.1×10³A²s.对比研究表明回击峰值电流与接地状况、回击电流波形的上升时间以及半峰值宽度之间没有明显相关性,但与电流波形上升陡度以及回击1ms之内转移电荷量之间存在相关性,回击峰值电流（I_p）与回击1ms内转移电荷量（Q）之间满足关系式：I_p=14.1Q^0.69.通过与自然闪电放电参数的对比分析表明,人工触发闪电回击过程与自然地闪放电的继后回击过程相似. 关键词： 人工触发闪电 地闪 闪电电流 回击     

脑部磁共振结合静息态fMRI方法在卒中患者认知障碍中的应用

本研究主要探讨脑部磁共振结合静息态fMRI方法在卒中患者认知障碍中的应用。本研究将符合卒中认知障碍患者25例设为患者组,将25例健康者设为对照组。采用脑部静息态核磁共振对实验者进行扫描,以脑部双侧海马为种子点进行功能连接分析,并通过软件分析两组实验者静息态双侧海马差异。结果发现,与对照组相比,患者组右侧海马与左右侧额中回、左侧额下回等的连接减少;右侧海马与左侧颞上中回、双侧丘脑的连接增加;左侧海马与左侧颞额中回、右侧颞额上回、右侧额下回的连接减少;左侧海马与右侧顶下回连接增加。总之,本研究发现卒中患者海马脑区与颞叶皮层、额叶皮层之间的连接减少,可能是由卒中患者脑损害导致。     

Extraction and separation of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf based on a hyphenated technique and in vitro methods

Stroke is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke, with natural products considered a promising source of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In this study, ultrafiltration liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the screening and identification of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos . Five lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors were selected: dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, trametenolic acid, and eburicoic acid. The inhibitors were extracted and isolated with purities of 96.75, 98.15, 97.25, 95.46, and 94.88%, respectively, by using a new “hyphenated” strategy of microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with counter‐current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography by a two‐phase solvent system of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water at the volume ratio 0.965:1.000:0.936:0.826 v/v/v/v. The bioactivity of the isolated compounds was assessed using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in PC12 cells. The results also showed that the hyphenated technique of microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with counter‐current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography was an efficient method for the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from medicinal herbs. Furthermore, the research route based on the activity screening, extraction, separation, and activity verification of the compounds offered advantages of efficiency, orientation, and objectivity.     

认知功能障碍对脑卒中患者肢体运动功能及日常生活活动能力恢复的影响

为了解认知功能障碍对脑卒中患者的肢体运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力的恢复的影响,选择２０例患者,其中１０例为认知功能正常者,另１０例为认知功能异常者。两组病者都通过康复前后功能评价,康复治疗,然后进行对比分析。结果表明,康复前两组患者的肢体运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０）,康复后两组患者的运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,正常组患者疗效显著,而异常组患者疗效差。提示认知功能障碍严重