“HERFORTH/KOCH Praktikum der angewandten Radioaktivität und Radiochemie” Zur Geschichte eines Standardwerkes für die Ausbildung von Spezialisten auf dem Gebiet der Anwendung radioaktiver Nuklide

Es wird die mehr als 30jährige Geschichte eines Praktikumsbuches dargestellt, das sich bei der Ausbildung von Fachleuten auf dem Gebiet der Anwendung von Radionukliden im In- und Ausland bewährt und darüber hinaus bei den Spezialisten als Nachschlagewerk breite Anerkennung gefunden hat. Auf die 3., völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage der letzlen Ausgabe und deren Veränderungen gegenüber den Vorgängern wird hingewiesen; sie soll 1991 unter dem Titel “HERFORTH/KOCH Praktikum der angewandten Radioaktivität und Radiochemie” im VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin erscheinen.

The more than 30 years history of a manual for the application of radionuclides is described. In many countries this book has been proved useful for the teaching of specialists in the field of isotope technique. Above this it is accepted as a compendium for users of radiophysical and radiochemical methods in science and industry. For 1991 a new, completely revised edition is planned entitled “HERFORTH/KOCH praktikum der angewandten Hadioaktivität und Radiochemie" (HERFORTH/KOCH practicum of Applied Radioactivity and Radiochemistry’).     

PIDAZTA: Structurally Constrained Chelators for the Efficient Formation of Stable Gallium-68 Complexes at Physiological pH

Two structurally constrained chelators based on a fused bicyclic scaffold, 4-amino-4-methylperhydro-pyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-N,N′,N′-triacetic acids [(4R*,10aS*)-PIDAZTA ( L1 ) and (4R*,10aR*)-PIDAZTA ( L2 )], were designed for the preparation of Ga^III-based radiopharmaceuticals. The stereochemistry of the ligand scaffold has a deep impact on the properties of the complexes, with unexpected [Ga( L2 )OH] species being superior in terms of both thermodynamic stability and inertness. This peculiar behavior was rationalized on the basis of molecular modeling and appears to be related to a better fit in size of Ga^III into the cavity of L2 . Fast and efficient formation of the Ga^III chelates at room temperature was observed at pH values between 7 and 8, which enables ⁶⁸Ga radiolabeling under truly physiological conditions (pH 7.4).     

Broad Scope and High-Yield Access to Unsymmetrical Acyclic [11C]Ureas for Biomedical Imaging from [11C]Carbonyl Difluoride

Effective methods are needed for labelling acyclic ureas with carbon-11 (t_1/2=20.4 min) as potential radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we describe the rapid and high-yield syntheses of unsymmetrical acyclic [¹¹C]ureas under mild conditions (room temperature and within 7 min) using no-carrier-added [¹¹C]carbonyl difluoride with aliphatic and aryl amines. This methodology is compatible with diverse functionality (e. g., hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, amido, or pyridyl) in the substrate amines. The labelling process proceeds through putative [¹¹C]carbamoyl fluorides and for primary amines through isolable [¹¹C]isocyanate intermediates. Unsymmetrical [¹¹C]ureas are produced with negligible amounts of unwanted symmetrical [¹¹C]urea byproducts. Moreover, the overall labelling method tolerates trace water and the generally moderate to excellent yields show good reproducibility. [¹¹C]Carbonyl difluoride shows exceptional promise for application to the synthesis of acyclic [¹¹C]ureas as new radiotracers for biomedical imaging with PET.     

Study of Carbamoyl Fluoride: Synthesis,Properties and Applications

Carbamoyl fluoride is a fluorinated group that, to this date, remains underexplored, probably due to the lack of data concerning its properties. In this paper, a study of carbamoyl fluoride is presented. Stability studies, in particular under physiological conditions, and lipophilicity measurement were performed. A new easy, safe, inexpensive, and metal-free synthesis method is also described. Finally, a potential use in radiochemistry through a ¹⁸F/¹⁹F isotopic exchange is demonstrated.     

典型超分子体系在放射化学领域的应用

本文主要通过评述两类超分子体系和离子印迹聚合物对重要金属离子的分离研究,阐明超分子化学在放射化学领域的重要应用。第一类超分子体系所含的主体分子有冠醚、杯芳烃、杯芳冠醚等大环化合物。第二类超分子体系主要有反胶束、微乳液和液膜。离子印迹聚合物通过超分子的识别功能实现对离子的选择性分离,而在液膜分离技术中,超分子的输运功能得到了很好的诠释。本文还对超分子化学在放射化学领域的应用前景作了分析展望。     

海洋放射化学

海洋放射化学研究海洋中放射性核素的含量分布和存在形式,并通过含量分布的时空变化研究海水中放射性核素的来源归宿和迁移变化规律,以及海洋各储库可能的储量。本文简述了国内外海洋放射化学的发展历史和一些成果。应用海洋放射化学的海洋学研究的主要内容是海洋环流,海水混合,海洋颗粒物动力学,和海洋放射年代学。海洋放射化学将来的重大研究方向是,海洋生物地球化学循环通量与时间尺度研究,过去的海洋环境变化研究,和核电站邻近海域放射性核素的累积与生态效应研究。没有专门的大项目的支持,对海洋本质问题深入研究少,海洋物理化学研究不够深入,需要进行高水平设备建设与应用研究,是中国海洋放射化学研究存在的主要问题。     

欧洲放射化学教育、培训合作项目CINCH介绍与启示

核能发展需要放射化学人才,而放射化学人才紧缺在世界范围内是个普遍现象。本文介绍了欧洲应对放射化学人才危机而开展的欧洲放射化学教育、培训合作项目(CINCH),包括一期和二期项目。项目的成果包括详细的放射化学教育现状调查,统一的培养课程体系,以及开放的网络学习平台(NucWik)等。这些成功的经验可为我国的放射化学教育提供有益的启示。