Effect of non‐normality on the power in analysis of variance: A simulation study

The use of simulation methods for calculating the power values in the case of non‐normal errors is discussed. One and two‐way layouts are considered for the fixed effect model. The Erlangian and contaminated normal distribution are taken as examples of a non‐normal error distribution. The results obtained by these methods are given in tables 1 and 2 which indicate that for inference concerning means the power calculated under normal theory is only slightly affected by the non‐normality of the errors.     

PANEL DISCUSSIONS

Representations of mathematical concepts play an important role in understanding: both in helping learners understand the to-be-learned material and in facilitating teachers’ understanding of pedagogical processes which, in turn, are involved in developing learners’ understanding. In this paper, we report on work with a cohort of pre-service primary teachers, with the aim of developing their understanding of mathematics, their confidence in their subject knowledge and their confidence in teaching mathematics. This was attempted through the introduction and use of a ‘representational approach’ to the teaching of the mathematical concepts required of teachers training to teach in primary schools in the UK. We present the results of attitude measures and a follow-up qualitative questionnaire in identifying whether and how the use of this representational approach supported pre-service teachers’ understanding and their confidence in teaching mathematics. The results suggest that the representational approach used had a positively significant impact on the attitudes towards studying and teaching mathematics.     

On roots and squares – estimation,intuition and creativity

The paper presents findings of a small scale study of a few items related to problem solving with squares and roots, for different teacher groups (pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers: elementary and junior high school). The research participants were asked to explain what would be the units digit of a natural number to be squared in order to obtain a certain units digit as a result. They were also asked to formulate a rule – an algorithm for calculating the square of a 2-digit number which is a multiple of 5. Based on this knowledge and estimation capability, they were required to find, without using calculators, the square roots of given natural numbers. The findings show that most of the participants had only partial intuition regarding the units’ digit of a number which is squared when the units’ digit of the square is known. At the same time, the participants manifested some evidence of creativity and flow of ideas in identifying the rule for calculating the square of a natural number whose units digit is 5. However, when asked to identify, by means of estimation and based on knowledge from previous items, the square roots of three natural numbers, only few of them managed to find the three roots by estimation.     

关注职前化学教师实践性知识的主题教学研修——以师范生“化学肥料”课堂教学为例

为了探索职前化学教师实践性知识生成的指导和培养,由化学师范生、化学教学论教师和初高中化学教师组成的教师学习共同体开展主题教学研修。在关注师范生试教“化学肥料”的基础上,从不同角度开展评析和指导。基于共同体的研修活动指出化学师范生应回归学科知识,职前指导需要多元化补充,来自不同层面的师生组成学习共同体利于共同成长。该活动从实践层面开拓教师教育课程改革的新方向。     

The Flow Lab: A Simple Activity for Generating NOS Principles

While there is near universal agreement within the science education community that a strong understanding of nature of science (NOS) ‐ both as a student goal and a teacher attribute ‐ is critical, we still struggle with how to achieve these aims. Barriers range from pragmatic logistics to fundamental curricular tensions. In this paper, we share a classroom activity designed to aid in the learning of key NOS principles that we have found constructive. We discuss the basic activity, connections to science studies literature, and opportunities for explicit reflection on nature of science.     

影响化学师范生教学实践能力的主要因素及其对策

调查发现,化学师范生的教学实践能力主要受实习态度、教师指导、训练课时情况、真实课堂模拟、实习评价真实性等5个主要因素的影响。通过对成因的统计分析,提出了建立完整客观的评价体系,转变师范生对实践课程的观念,使其有一个认真的态度,加强教学模拟训练和加大实习执行力度的教学实践能力提升对策。     

化学教师的TPACK结构及建构策略

随着教师职业的不断发展,教师进行有效教学的核心就是发展他们的TPACK,化学教师的TPACK主要包括:扎实科学的化学学科知识、信息技术与化学教学整合目的的统领性观念、信息技术与化学教学整合的课程资源和课程组织知识、关于信息技术与化学教学整合的学生理解和学生误解知识、信息技术与化学教学整合的教学策略和教学表征知识。化学教师TPACK建构的基本策略有:形成TPACK的教学意识、观摩培训、亲自参与教学、提升整合转化能力、多渠道多种方式丰富TPACK资源。     

教育实习经历对化学职前教师PCKg发展的影响——以高中化学实习教师的个案研究为例

基于学科教学识知PCKg理论,以一位化学职前教师(即高等师范院校的化学教育硕士)为个案,在长达5个月的研究期中,藉由教学观察、教案文件、导师访谈以及量表问卷等方式收集资料,探讨个案职前教师在实习历程中PCKg的建构与发展情形,及高中教学现场和师资培育高校的协助对实习教师的教学专业成长的影响,并建构“师培高校与中学现场协同培育以促进职前教师专业成长”的实习模式。研究结果可为未来规划师资培育工作及职前教师实习制度提供案例参考和研究建议。     

免费师范生新手化学教师教学困惑及解决对策研究

通过总结免费师范生新手化学教师在教学中遇到的教学困惑的类型,编制调查问卷,并进行访谈,开展深度调研,明确免费师范生新手化学教师普遍存在的教学困惑和认可的解决对策,为高师院校师范生的培养、免费师范生教育硕士的课程实施及免费师范生新手教师的培训提供借鉴。     

高师化学教育实践课程的设置及实施

东北师范大学2015年对教师教育课程进行了修订,构建了从校内模拟到校外基础实习和应用实习的化学教育实践课程体系,逐渐提升师范生的教学实践能力,为将来成长为一名优秀的化学教师奠定了基础。但在理论与实践的融合、指导教师队伍建设和安全保障措施等方面需要进一步思考。