NLR、hs-CRP、MPV与肥胖、非肥胖型PCOS的关系

目的探究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、血小板平均体积（MPV）与肥胖、非肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的关系。方法对112例PCOS患者（肥胖型68例,非肥胖型44例）和年龄、BMI配对的90例健康体检女性（健康对照组肥胖型47例,非肥胖型43例）,检测并比较两组及亚组之间MPV、NLR、hs-CRP、生殖内分泌激素及代谢指标。结果PCOS组血清空腹血糖水平（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态胰岛素评价指数（HOMA-IR）、NLR、hs-CRP、MPV水平均明显高于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖型PCOS组NLR、hs-CRP、MPV高于肥胖型健康对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖型PCOS组NLR、hs-CRP、MPV均高于非肥胖型PCOS组（均P＜0.05）。NLR、hs-CRP、MPV的AUC及95%CI分别为0.819（0.763~0.903）、0.982（0.959~1.000）、0.906（0.848~965）。结论肥胖型PCOS患者血清NLR、hs-CRP、MPV水平明显升高,这些指标的变化对肥胖型PCOS代谢异常有较强的诊断价值。     

层板发汗冷却推力室壁温的数值模拟

运用有限差分方法对一台设计工况下的层板发汗冷却推力室的壁温特性进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明：壁温相同情况下,发汗冷却推力室承受的燃气温度可比膜冷却方式提高约１０００℃;燃气温度相同时,发汗冷却推力室的壁温较非发汗冷却降低约５０％;层板室壁温度梯度集中在燃气侧;ｍ１／２越大,层板室壁内部换热效率越高,层板内壁温度越低,内、外壁温差越大。     

A new stilbene glycoside from the <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butanol fraction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Veratrum dahuricum</Emphasis>

A new stilbene glycoside, 5-methylresveratrol-3,4′-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside (1), was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the rhizomes of Veratrum dahuricum, together with five known stilbenoids: resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glycoside (2), 4′-methylresveratrol-3-O-β-D-glycoside (3), oxyresveratrol-4′-O-β-D-glycoside (4), oxyresveratrol-3-O-β-D-glycoside (5), and oxyresveratrol-3,4′-O-β-D-diglycoside (6), and found for the first time in the investigated plant. The structures of six isolates were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1–6 showed platelet aggregation inhibition, and compound 1 had an IC₅₀ value of 383.6 μM against platelet aggregation induced by AA. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 279–282, May–June, 2009.     

Proteomic characterization of human platelet-derived microparticles

Microparticles (MPs) are small fragments of apoptotic or activated cells that may contribute to pathological processes in many diseases. Platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) are the most abundant type of MPs in human blood. To characterize the proteins in PMPs we used a shotgun proteomics approach by nanoHPLC separation followed by MS analysis on an LTQ Orbitrap XL. PMPs were produced from isolated platelets stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP). We developed an analytical platform constituted by two different steps: in the first one we used a standard shotgun strategy; in the second one, to improve low-molecular weight, low-abundance-proteins identification, the samples were fractionated using hydrogel nanoparticles, an enrichment system based on a mixed mechanism of dimensional exclusion and colorant affinity. This was chosen to tackle a common issue with shotgun approaches, in which the low-abundance proteins are not detected when surveys are on a broad scale. By means of the entire analytical platform, we identified 603 proteins, 243 of which were not previously identified. A simple and straightforward procedure for the study of PMPs was provided, producing a tool for further understanding their biological and pathological roles, and a baseline for future studies aimed at discovering biomarkers involved in several diseases.     

Soy Isoflavones Inhibit Both GPIb-IX Signaling and αIIbβ3 Outside-In Signaling via 14-3-3ζ in Platelet

Soy diet is thought to help prevent cardiovascular diseases in humans. Isoflavone, which is abundant in soybean and other legumes, has been reported to possess antiplatelet activity and potential antithrombotic effect. Our study aims to elucidate the potential target of soy isoflavone in platelet. The anti-thrombosis formation effect of genistein and daidzein was evaluated in ex vivo perfusion chamber model under low (300 s⁻¹) and high (1800 s⁻¹) shear forces. The effect of genistein and daidzein on platelet aggregation and spreading was evaluated with platelets from both wildtype and GPIbα deficient mice. The interaction of these soy isoflavone with 14-3-3ζ was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and co-immunoprecipitation, and the effect of αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling transduction was evaluated by western blot. We found both genistein and daidzein showed inhibitory effect on thrombosis formation in perfusion chamber, especially under high shear force (1800 s⁻¹). These soy isoflavone interact with 14-3-3ζ and inhibited both GPIb-IX and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet aggregation, integrin-mediated platelet spreading and outside-in signaling transduction. Our findings indicate that 14-3-3ζ is a novel target of genistein and daidzein. 14-3-3ζ, an adaptor protein that regulates both GPIb-IX and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation is involved in soy isoflavone mediated platelet inhibition.     

Cystamine immobilization on TiO2 film surfaces and the influence on inhibition of collagen-induced platelet activation

Poor haemocompatibility is a main issue of artificial cardiovascular materials in clinical application. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by vascular endothelial cells, is a well known inhibitor of platelet adhesion and activation. Thus, NO-releasing biomaterials are beneficial for improving haemocompatibility of blood-contacting biomedical devices. In this paper, a novel method was developed for enhancement of haemocompatibility by exploiting endogenous NO donors. TiO₂ films were firstly synthesized on Si (1 0 0) wafers via unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, and then polydopamine was grafted on TiO₂ films and used as a linker for further immobilization of cystamine. The obtained surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. NO generation is evaluated by saville-griess reagents, and it shows that cystamine immobilized samples are able to catalytically generate NO by decomposing endogenous S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). In vitro platelet adhesion results reveal that cystamine modified surfaces can inhibit collagen-induced platelet activation. ELISA analysis reveals that cGMP in platelets obviously increases on cystamine immobilized surface, which suggests the reducing of platelet activation is through NO/cGMP signal channel. It can be concluded that cystamine immobilized surface shows better blood compatibility by catalyzing NO release from the endogenous NO donor. It may be a promising method for improvement of haemocompatibility of blood-contacting implants.     

The influence of Si on the microstructure and sintering behavior of ultrafine WC

The microstructure of sintered nanoscale tungsten carbide powders with 1?wt % Si addition was found to be populated by an abnormally large number of elongated grains. Interrupted sintering experiments were conducted to clarify the origins of the excessive abnormal grain growth seen in the microstructure. It was observed that rapid coarsening occurred at high temperatures owing to the formation of a liquid phase. However, the grain shape evolution during this coarsening period was found to be a consequence of excessive stacking faults and micro twins on the basal planes probably generated by reaction of WC with Si. Analyses of the microstructures and the isothermal and non isothermal coarsening behaviors suggested that the platelet morphology evolved by defect-assisted nucleation and growth on faceted grains. Based on experimental evidence from samples interrupted at low temperatures and crystal growth theories, we discuss the possible mechanisms that eventually led to the rampant platelet-type morphology. Further, the influence of such rapid grain growth on the shrinkage rate during sintering is also discussed. In comparison with the cyclic coarsening-densification process of sintering in pure nanoscale WC, the addition of Si leads to only two distinct sintering stages: either densification dominated or coarsening dominated. Concurrent densification and coarsening cannot be sustained particularly in the presence of a liquid phase that significantly enhances coarsening.     

Hydrophobic Intercalation of Layered Silicate Clays and Hierarchical Self-Assemblies via Platelet-Shape Directing

Most clay research in recent years has centered on the development of polymer/layered-silicate nanocomposites besides the conventional applications such as catalyst and adsorbents for organics. Recently, we have reported the hydrophobic modification of the naturally-occurring sodium montmorillonite clay (d spacing = 12 Å) by exchanging with hydrophobic poly(oxypropylene)-diamine salts (POP-salt) to afford the space-enlarged silicates (d spacing up to 50–60 Å). Owing to the geometrically plate-like shape and surface ionic charges, the organoclays enabled to self-assemble into rod-shape morphologies. For example, unique formation of lengthy rod (ca. 0.3 µm in diameter and up to 40 µm in length) was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The self-assembling mechanism may involve the piling of the primary stack units by face-to-face and edge-to-edge alignments. The clay primary stacks intercalated by POP-salt and the hydrophilic analog of poly(oxyethylene)-diamine salts were observed by AFM.     

Influence of Vincristine,Clinically Used in Cancer Therapy and Immune Thrombocytopenia,on the Function of Human Platelets

Vincristine is a clinically used antimicrotubule drug for treating patients with lymphoma. Due to its property of increasing platelet counts, vincristine is also used to treat patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Moreover, antiplatelet agents were reported to be beneficial in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Therefore, we investigated the detailed mechanisms underlying the antiplatelet effect of vincristine. Our results revealed that vincristine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, but not by thrombin, arachidonic acid, and the thromboxane A₂ analog U46619, suggesting that vincristine exerts higher inhibitory effects on collagen-mediated platelet aggregation. Vincristine also reduced collagen-mediated platelet granule release and calcium mobilization. In addition, vincristine inhibited glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling, including Syk, phospholipase Cγ2, protein kinase C, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, the in vitro PFA-100 assay revealed that vincristine did not prolong the closure time, and the in vivo study tail bleeding assay showed that vincristine did not prolong the tail bleeding time; both findings suggested that vincristine may not affect normal hemostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that vincristine exerts antiplatelet effects at least in part through the suppression of GPVI signaling. Moreover, this property of antiplatelet activity of vincristine may provide additional benefits in the treatment of TTP.     

Thermal vibration of functionally graded porous nanocomposite beams reinforced by graphene platelets

The thermal vibration of functionally graded(FG) porous nanocomposite beams reinforced by graphene platelets(GPLs) is studied.The beams are exposed to the thermal gradient with a multilayer structure.The temperature varies linearly across the thickness direction.Three different types of dispersion patterns of GPLs as well as porosity distributions are presented.The material properties vary along the thickness direction.By using the mechanical parameters of closed-cell cellular solid,the variatio...