4-氯酚在TiO2纳米膜上光催化降解及反应动力学特征

氯酚(ＣＰ)化合物被广泛应用于木材防腐、金属防锈及杀虫剂等,因其毒性大、难降解,对环境造成严重污染[1,2]。目前用于ＣＰ的光催化降解的ＴｉＯ2粉体悬浮体系,催化剂不易回收利用。本文采用Ｓｏｌ Ｇｅｌ法制备的负载型ＴｉＯ2纳米粒子膜作为光催化剂,对4 ＣＰ进行了降解实验研究。同时应用ＸＲＤ法表征了不同实验条件下薄膜中ＴｉＯ2的晶相结构和粒度,考察了不同层数ＴｉＯ2膜的光催化活性,并对4 ＣＰ的降解条件及反应动力学特征进行了探讨。1　实验部分1.1　玻璃负载ＴｉＯ2膜的制备与表征[3-5]按照钛酸四丁酯∶无水乙醇∶水=3∶12∶…     

纳米尺度分散的TiO2光催化降解甲醛的机理

纳米TiO2具有小尺寸效应,表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应等[1],广泛用于防水处理、空气净化、抗菌防霉等方面。本文对其能带结构及其消除甲醛的性能及机理进行分析。1　纳米TiO2光催化剂1 1　制备与表征以四氯化钛为主要原料,氨水、醇类化合物、盐酸等为主要反应助剂,采用亚稳态氯化法制备工艺,用相应的溶胶反应形成溶胶液体,低于100℃加热该液体,除去多余的水分,得到溶胶-凝胶体。过滤所得溶胶-凝胶体,并用蒸馏水反复洗涤数次,使其pH呈中性。将洗涤后的溶胶-凝胶体进行真空干燥,得到白色微粉,1000℃高温煅烧,将煅烧后得到的纳米TiO2基…     

Photocatalytic ozonation degradation of ciprofloxacin using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of stones

Ciprofloxacin is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Because ciprofloxacin is not effectively degraded by biological processes, advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalytic ozonation are applied to remove this antibiotic from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate photocatalytic ozonation for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aquatic environments and optimization of the effective parameters of the process. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the thermal method and immobilized on the surface of stones. The structural properties of the nanoparticles were determined by XRD, TEM, Photoluminescence (PL) and SEM. Experiments were carried out in a Plexiglas reactor supported with the continuous injection of ozone. The effective parameters for removal efficiency were reaction time, initial concentration of ciprofloxacin, pH, photocatalyst concentration and reaction kinetics. The highest ciprofloxacin removal efficiency occurred at the following optimal conditions: pH of 7, reaction time of 30?min, photocatalyst concentration of 3?g/L and initial ciprofloxacin concentration of 10?mg/L. Removal efficiency of 96% was obtained under these conditions. Linear kinetic models showed that the process followed pseudo-first order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. This process had a high removal efficiency and suitable for removal of ciprofloxacin from aquatic environments.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT     

光催化降解染料ZnO催化剂的性能

光催化法是20世纪70年代发展起来的新型水处理技术，即以某些半导体材料为催化剂，利用光催化法来降解环境污染物。该方法工艺简单，成本较低，在常温下能使大多数不能或难于生物降解的有毒有机物彻底氧化分解。近年来研究最多的是TiO2，由于其带隙较宽(3．2eV)，只能吸收波长λ≤387nm的紫外光，因此研制新型光催化剂仍是重要课题。     

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of silica-supported fine CdS powders

Summary Silica-supported cadmium sulfide, highly active in hydrogen photogeneration from water-methanol-KOH solution, was prepared by sulfidation of Cd²⁺-impregnated SiO₂. The samples consisted of colloidal-size hexagonal crystallites of CdS on amorphous SiO₂. A blue shift of a light absorption edge was observed for the samples with lower CdS content.

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Herstellung und photokatalytische Aktivität von feinen CdS-Pulvern auf SiO₂

Zusammenfassung Es wurde Cadmiumsulfid auf Kieselgel durch Sulfidierung von Cd²⁺-imprägniertem SiO₂ hergestellt, das eine außerordentliche Aktivität bei der Wasserstoff-Photogenerierung aus Wasser-Methanol-KOH-Lösungen zeigte. Der Katalysator bestand aus hexagonalen CdS-Kristalliten von kolloidalen Ausmaßen auf amorphem SiO₂. An Proben mit geringerem CdS-Gehalt wurde eine Blauverschiebung der Lichtabsorption an der Absorptionskante beobachtet.

     

Photocatalytic Reduction of NO with C2H6 on a Hollandite-Type Catalyst

The photocatalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) with ethane on the hollandite type catalyst (K₂Ga₂Sn₆O₁₆KGSO) was investigated. Using a closed-gas circulating system equipped with a Q-MASS detector and in-situ diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy. The reactant gases of NO and ¹³C₂H₆ decreased with the increasing irradiation time. In contrast, the N₂ yield increased proportionally to the conversion of ¹³C₂H₆. Nitrogen oxides such as N₂O did not reach their detectable levels. The NO adsorbed on KGSO was found to change to its activated species by UV irradiation. The oxidized products of C₂H₆ such as CH₃CHO increased in proportion to the reaction time. The present results strongly suggest that KGSO has remarkable photocatalytic activity for the reduction of NO with C₂H₆.     

Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 particles using microwave processes and their photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of orange II

The nanosized titania and TiO₂/SiO₂ particles were prepared by the microwave-hydrothermal method. The effect of physical properties TTIP/TEOS ratio and calcination temperature has been investigated. The major phase of the pure TiO₂ particle is of the anatase structure, and a rutile peak was observed above 800°C. In TiO₂/SiO₂ particles, however, no significant rutile phase was observed, although the calcination temperature was 900°C. No peaks for the silica crystal phase were observed at either silica/titania ratio. The crystallite size of TiO₂/SiO₂ particles decreases as compared to pure TiO₂ at high calcination temperatures. The TiO₂/SiO₂ particles show higher activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II as compared to pure TiO₂ particles.     

原位红外光谱法研究La/TiO2对有机污染物的光催化降解

本工作采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了TiO₂掺杂稀土离子La³⁺的La/TiO₂光催化剂，运用XRD、N₂吸附脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、表面光电压谱(SPS)等手段进行表征，同时利用原位红外技术考察了La/TiO₂样品光催化降解乙烯、丙酮、苯的气-固相光催化氧化反应，对其光催化降解有机污染物的过程进行了研究。结果表明，TiO₂经适量La³⁺掺杂后，锐钛矿晶型的含量增加，晶粒度减小，比表面积增大，禁带宽度增加，表面光电压信号增强，光生电子-空穴对有效分离；La/TiO₂样品对乙烯、丙酮、苯的光催化性能与纯TiO₂相比均有不同程度的改善，乙烯可以被光催化氧化完全矿化生成CO₂，而丙酮被光催化氧化可能生成中间产物丙酸，苯被光催化氧化可能生成中间产物苯酚和苯醌。     

二硫化钼基复合材料的合成及光催化降解与产氢特性

随着环境污染和能源短缺的加剧,无污染环境修复技术及清洁能源替代工程已成为一项重要而紧迫的任务。作为层状结构的过渡金属硫化物,二硫化钼带隙较窄,边缘具有高的反应活性,容易与其他物质形成复合结构,是近年来光催化环境修复及清洁能源领域的研究热点。本文详细介绍了半导体二硫化钼及其复合物的合成方法和光催化降解与产氢行为,重点阐述了二硫化钼及其复合物的具体复合方式、光催化降解污染物活性、光催化产氢活性以及具体的降解与产氢机理等方面的内容,并举例说明。二硫化钼及其复合物在光催化降解污染物和光催化产氢方面具有绿色、廉价、高效等优点,在环境修复及清洁能源领域具有巨大的潜力和应用发展前景。     

Some Organic Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Organic reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have facilitated great progress in recent years . ScCO2, as an environmentally friendly reaction medium, may be a substitute for 1 volatile and toxic organic solvents and show some special advantages. Firstly, CO2 is inexpensive, nonflammable, nontoxic and chemical inert under many conditions. Secondly, scCO2 possesses hybrid properties of both liquid and gas, to the advantage of some reactions involving gaseous reagents. Control o…