膦、胂叶立德的化学与应用——Ⅰ.用红外光谱对膦、胂叶立德结构的研究

以78个带吸电子取代基的膦、胂叶立德的红外光谱的解析为根据,讨论了它们的结构及其与光谱的关系。     

蒙旦树脂化学组成的研究

采用阴离子交换色谱和硅胶－氧化铝柱色谱对云南寻甸蒙旦树脂（ＸＤＳＺ）、潦浒蒙旦树脂（ＬＨＳＺ）、昭通蒙旦树脂（ＺＴＳＺ）和吉林舒兰蒙旦树脂（ＳＬＳＺ）进行了族组分的分离。树脂游离酸，树脂结合酸，树脂烃和树脂醇在各树脂中的百分含量分别为ＸＤＳＺ１１．８６，８．７６，１２．３０，４５．９９；ＬＨＳＺ１５．８９，１３．９１，４．９０，４５．９９；ＳＬＳＺ２５．４６，８．０７，１７．４０，３６．２２；ＺＴ     

Carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Summary The coupling of carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (SFC-FTIR) is a powerful tool for the separation and on-line identification of non-volatile compounds. The IR transparency of carbon dioxide in the Fermi resonance bands region versus its density has been studied. Functional groups with stretching vibrations outside the transparent window of carbon dioxide are examined. SFC-FTIR separations allow Gram-Schmidt reconstruction chromatograms or IR window chemigrams with high quality spectra to be obtained. This SFC-FTIR lightpipe (flow cell, beam condensing optics, narrow band detector) has allowed detection limits of 250ng for benzonitrile and 70ng for methyl benzoate to be reached. The feasibility of very rapid SFC-FTIR separations is shown along with the subsequent peak spectra.     

利用AFM和SNOM对淋巴细胞膜表面超微结构及其光学性质的初步研究

利用原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscopy，AFM)对淋巴细胞表面形貌进行了形态学的初步研究，观察到了其膜表面其他显微技术所不能发现的超微结构．同时也运用扫描近场光学显微镜(Scanning Near field Optical Microscopy，SNOM)对淋巴细胞进行成像，观察了其对光的透射、吸收等光学性质，并对两种成像方法进行了比较．研究发现：淋巴细胞膜表面凹凸不平，分布着大量直径几十到几百纳米不等的小颗粒；淋巴细胞中央部位有自发荧光现象．结果表明，AFM和SNOM可作为进一步探讨淋巴细胞的结构与功能关系的有力工具．     

Physical grounds of high-sensitive room temperature detection of infrared radiation involving spherical excitons at impurities in crystals

The possibility of the IR-radiation detecting in crystals of direct-gap semiconductors, caused by effects of IR-quenching of probe visible-range radiation within the region of a crystal relative transparency, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The comparison of some mechanisms investigated allows to conclude that the most probable explanation of the IR-quenching effect, experimentally observed in the CdS crystal, is the mechanism of probe radiation absorption with photon energy deficit with respect to exciton resonance, which is eliminated due to exchange interaction of a free exciton in the intermediate state with spherical excitons localized on manyelectron atoms of impurity.     

Direct analysis of thin-layer chromatographic spots of narcotics by means of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The technique of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (DRIFT) as an in situ detection method was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs (heroin, cocaine and codeine) separated by thin layer chromatography.It was found that at a given interferometer throughput and detector sensitivity the quality of the spectrum depends strongly in the type of the chromatographic thin layer used. A detection limit of approx. 2 g was attained on a microcrystalline cellulose thin layer with a dynamically aligned Bio-Rad Digilab FTS 60A/896 type interferometer and room temperature DTGS detector. A reliable qualitative analysis can be made with as little as 10 to 15 g drug per spot.     

Excitonic detectors of infrared and submillimeter radiation

The theory of new type detectors based on the quenching of secondary emission in direct-gap semiconductors (lines of Raman light scattering due to interaction between free and bound excitons in the crystal, and also bands of edge radiation) caused by IR or submillimeter radiation is proposed. The results obtained are confirmed by the experiment performed for CdS crystal excited by ultraviolet radiation of mercury lamp, at liquid helium temperature.     

A -functional and the rate of convergence of some linear polynomial operators

We show that the -functional

where , is equivalent to the rate of convergence of a certain linear polynomial operator. This operator stems from a Riesz-type summability process of expansion by Legendre polynomials. We use the operator above to obtain a linear polynomial approximation operator with a rate comparable to that of the best polynomial approximation.

     

Comparative FT infrared study of structural changes occuring on dealumination of zeolite Na-Y with ethylenediaminetetraacetic or hydrochloric acid

IR lattice vibration spectra were used to monitor the changes in the structure of zeolite Na-Y upon its dealumination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or with HCl. The terminal Si-O(H,Na) bonds thus formed (which are detectable by characteristic absorbance at v 900–950 cm^–1) are energetically less uniform when EDTA has been used as the dealuminating agent. This inhomogeneity is connected with the local deformations of zeolite structure which result in lowering the symmetry of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. As a consequence, two novel bands appear at v 1090 cm^–1 and 1200 cm^–1 in addition to the fundamental absorption bands, v_as (TO₄) (T = Si, Al), at 1030 cm^–1 and 1145 cm^–1. A mechanism of dealumination is proposed, which takes into account the topochemical peculiarities involved in the chelation of the framework aluminum ions with EDTA.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskay, No. 2, pp. 284–287, February, 1993.     

同时测定水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的近红外光谱法

通过对27个葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水溶液的混合体系进行近红外光谱分析，建立了葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量测定的偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型；葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的线性范围分别为0—300g/L、0—200g/L、0—300g/L，模型校正集的标准误差(SEC)分别为1．4、1．8、1．4g/L；用该模型对6个样品进行分析，葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1．2％、2．6％和1．8％。