以多聚甲醛为还原剂制备新型阳极Pt/CMK-3催化剂

 以多聚甲醛为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备了Pt/CMK-3直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极催化剂,并采用透射电镜和X射线衍射技术对其进行了表征. 结果表明,有序介孔碳CMK-3具有规整的二维有序孔道结构,为DMFC中电子和燃料的传输提供了方便的路径,同时它较大的比表面积使得Pt纳米粒子很好地分散在其表面; Pt/CMK-3催化剂中Pt粒子的平均粒径为2.8 nm, 小于E-TEK公司的商品化Pt/XC-72和以甲醇为还原剂制备的Pt/C-M催化剂,并且粒径分布范围窄,结晶度低. 察了Pt/CMK-3催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能,发现Pt/CMK-3催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能优于Pt/XC-72和Pt/C-M催化剂.     

X-ray structure and circular dichroism of pure rotamers of bis[guanosine-5'-monophosphate(-1)](N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexyl-1,2-diamine)platinum(II) complexes that have R,R and S,S configurations at the asymmetric diamine

The use of a sterically hindered diamine ligand (Me(4)DACH) has allowed for the first time, the isolation and characterization, both in the solid state (X-ray crystallography) and in solution (circular dichroism), of pure DeltaHT rotamers of [Pt(Me(4)dach)(5'-GMP)(2)] (compounds 1 and 2 for R,R and S,S configurations of the Me(4)DACH ligand, respectively). Comparison of the CD spectra obtained for each rotamer, which differ only in the chirality of the Me(4)DACH ligand (R,R or S,S) or in the chirality of the HT conformation (Delta or Lambda), allowed us to conclude that, in the 200-350 nm range, the contributions to the overall CD spectrum that stem from diamine chirality and diamine-induced chirality of platinum d--d transitions or from sugar chirality are negligible relative to the exciton chiral coupling that occurs for pi-pi* transitions of the cis guanines. Accurate molecular structures of 1.10 D(2)O and 2.14 D(2)O (conventional crystallographic agreement indexes R(1) convergent to 2.07 % and 2.18 %, respectively) revealed that the crystallized rotamers have a DeltaHT conformation that is in agreement with all previously reported X-ray structures of [Pt(diamine)(nucleos(t)ide)(2)] complexes. This conformation allows the 5'-phosphate to be located in proximity to the Me(4)DACH ligand so that (P)O...HC(N) hydrogen-bond interactions exists in both complexes. For both structures, the canting of the guanine planes on the coordination plane is right-handed (R; canting angle (Phi) of 80.9 degrees and 73.2 degrees, respectively); this indicates that the canting direction is driven by the HT conformation chirality (Delta for both compounds) and not by the chirality of the carrier ligand (different for the two compounds). Density functional theory analysis of the conformational space as a function of Phi indicated a good agreement between the computed and experimental structures. The increase in energy for Phi values below 65 degrees and 55 degrees (for 1 and 2, respectively) is mainly due to the short intramolecular contacts between C(8)H and the cis N-Me groups on the same side of the platinum coordination plane.     

水热法制备纳米TiO_2及其在水相介质中分散性的研究

以硫酸法钛白粉生产工艺的中间体偏钛酸为原料,采用水热法制备了纳米TiO2粉体。研究了磷酸、硫酸、反应温度及反应时间对TiO2粉体的晶型、粒径及形貌的影响,考察了其在水相介质中的分散性。并借助XRD、SEM、动态激光粒度分析仪和动电位及静态激光粒度分析仪对其进行了表征。     

γ-Zirconium and γ-Titanium Phosphates Platinum Intercalation Compound Preparation, characterization and thermal behaviour

Inorganic ion-exchangers with a layered structure such as γ-zirconium and γ-titanium phosphates, intercalated with organic diamines, are able to exchange Pt²⁺ ions to give new intercalation compounds that can be utilized in heterogeneous catalysis. The experiments performed at different temperatures (25 and 45°C), show different ion uptakes, greater at 45°C and for the materials derived from γ-zirconium phosphate. After platinum exchange, all the materials show an amorphization in the XRD if compared with their precursors. The thermal behaviour of the platinum materials is specific, depending on the exchanger used and the ligand inside the exchanger. Pt²⁺ ion has a catalytic effect on ligand elimination in the γ-zirconium phosphate platinum compounds, but not in those derived from γ-titanium. All the obtained yellow materials show a small step in the TG curves and simultaneously we have the Pt²⁺→Pt⁰ reduction: this is confirmed by XRD registered at the temperatures of the thermal effect, showing peaks at d_hkl=2.27 and 1.95 Å. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Theoretical study on the adsorption of aromatic compounds on platinum clusters

B3 LYP hybrid functional with LACVP* pseudopotential was applied for the optimization of geometries of complexes resulting from interaction of benzene, pyridine, naphthalene, and quinoline with Pt_n (n = 4, 7) clusters. For benzene‐containing complexes, the most stable form corresponds to a bridge adsorption, with benzene undergoing considerable geometric distortions, assuming a boat‐like conformation. C? H bonds are bended upward from the plane of the cluster. C? C bonds stretch, especially when they form π‐complexes with low coordinated Pt atoms. Some arrangements for pyridine complexes involving the N atom of the organic moiety undergo further distortions, apparently preserving a formal C? N π bond. Except for that distortion, the behavior of any heteroaromatic complex is similar to that of benzene in the same arrangement. The quinoline–Pt₇ complex can suitably be used for simulation of the cinchonidine (CD) anchorage over Pt. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

膦取代的羰基铂簇的合成,结构和性质

Pt(PPh_3)_2Cl_2在碱性介质中,与一氧化碳直接进行还原及羰基化反应,得到五种膦取代的羰基铂配合物:Pt_5(μ_2-CO)_5(CO)(PPh_3)_4 1,Pt_3(μ_2-CO)_3(PPh_3)_3 2,Pt_3(μ_2-CO)_3(PPh_3)_4 3,Pt_4(μ_2-CO)_5(PPh_3)_4 4,以及Pt(Cl)(PPh_3)_2(COOCH_3) 5。经X-射线单晶衍射分析,确定了新的三核铂羰基簇2以及配合物5的分子结构。还讨论了1和5的生成机理。     

Geometric and electronic factors in paraffin dehydrogenation on bimetallic platinum catalysts

Summary Relationships between specific activity of bimetallic platinum catalysts in paraffin dehydrogenation and atomic sizes of promoters (i) and enthalpies of alloying with platinum (ii) were considered. The leading role of the size (geometric) effect was demonstrated.     

Thermodynamic characteristics of thermal dissociation of platinum tetrachloride

The pressure of thermal dissociation of platinum tetrachloride by the first step PtCl₄(s) = PtCl₃(s) + 0.5 Cl₂(g) was measured by the static method with a quartz membrane-gauge zero-pressure manometer. An approximating equation for the dissociation pressure vs. temperature was found. The enthalpy (52160±880 J mol⁻¹) and entropy (72.1±1.6 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹) of dissociation were calculated. The heat of formation found for platinum tetrachloride (−246.3±1.3 kJ mol⁻¹) at 298.15 K agrees well with the value obtained by the calorimetric method (−245.6±1.9 kJ mol⁻¹).__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2028–2031, October, 2004.     

制备具有光催化活性的金红石相纳米氧化钛粉体

以TiCl4为原料，通过控制盐浓度和水解温度可以在温和条件下制备出晶粒尺 寸为6nm的金红石相氧化钛粉体，比表面积为175m^2/g。测定了粉体的X衍射、红外 和拉曼光谱。TEM照片显示粉体呈放射状颗粒，其粒径尺寸在200－400nm。苯酚的 光催化降解实验表明它比具有相同比表面积的锐钛矿粉体有更高的光催化活性。其 较大的团聚颗粒尺寸有利于光催化反应后的分离。