贵金属对钴基催化剂上肉桂醛选择加氢反应的影响

 研究了贵金属改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂上的肉桂醛选择加氢反应．结果表明，通过Pt，Pd和Ru贵金属改性，提高了催化剂的活性，但只有Pt改性的催化剂具有较高的选择性．w（Pt）＜0．5％时，催化剂的活性随着Pt含量的增加呈直线升高，当w（Pt）＝0．5％时，催化剂活性可提高近5倍，但催化剂的选择性变化很小．XRD结果表明，催化剂经还原后，γ－Al2O3上的钴主要为α－Co0．TPR结果表明，Pt的加入提高了Co3O4的还原性能，且Pt含量越高，Co3O4的还原温度越低．XPS结果表明，Pt改性的催化剂样品，其Co3O4大部分被还原为Co0．由于Pt与Co具有协同效应，故Pt改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂既具有较高的活性，又具有很高的选择性．     

钼掺杂LaVO4上丙烷氧化脱氢

研究了钼掺杂LaVO4催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢催化性能.加入钼对丙烷氧化脱氢反应有很好的助催化作用.当丙烷转化率恒定在10％和20％时，丙烯选择性在LaMo0.1V0.9O4.05上分别达到了56％和43％，而在LaVO4上仅为36％和22％，这归结为钼掺杂催化剂上有利于丙烯生成的可活动氧物种的增加和催化剂氧化还原性的改变.     

多孔纳晶TiO2薄膜光催化剂的研制及其催化性能

 采用表面改性法制备了负载型Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2双核金属乙氧基配合物催化剂，利用示差量热、红外光谱和微反技术对催化剂的表面结构、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，负载型双核金属乙氧基配合物Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2中的Ni2＋与载体SiO2表面的O2－以双齿配位形式键合；二氧化碳在催化剂表面存在桥式吸附态和碳酸单乙酯基物种两种吸附态，丙烯则只有一种分子吸附态；在适宜的反应条件下，二氧化碳和丙烯在Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2催化剂上的反应产物主要是甲基丙烯酸．根据实验结果，提出了二氧化碳和丙烯在Ni2（OEt）2／SiO2催化剂表面的反应机理，反应物分子共吸附于催化剂表面同一活性单元上，羧酸根和丙烯解离吸附态的形成是反应顺利进行的关键步骤．     

在涂层TiO2改性铜催化剂上甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯

在常压和２５０℃下，考察了涂层ＴｉＯ２改性铜催化剂上甲醇脱氢生成甲酸甲酯的活性和选择性以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明，涂层ＴｉＯ２明显提高了铜催化剂的活性和稳定性。在所考察的铜催化剂中，以Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ２／ＡｌＯ３的催化活性最高，甚至高于离子交换法制备的Ｃｕ（ｅｘ）／ＳｉＯ２催化剂。ＸＰＳ分析表明，Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ２／ＡｌＯ３中存在着两种化学环境不同的ＣＵ（０），即负载在ｒ－ＡＬＯ３和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

稀土席夫碱配合物催化己内酯可控开环聚合

 通过稀土氯化物与席夫碱钠盐的交换反应制备了一系列以 3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛缩苯胺为配体的稀土席夫碱配合物. 对其中的钕席夫碱配合物进行了 X射线单晶衍射分析, 发现其单晶结构为五角双锥构型, 所得席夫碱稀土配合物可以单组分催化 ?-己内酯开环聚合. 深入研究了钕席夫碱配合物催化己内酯的开环聚合机理, 考察了不同聚合条件对单体转化率、产物分子量及分子量分布的影响. 结果表明, 该聚合反应速率为一级, 聚合反应具有较好的可控性. 聚合物端基分析表明, 聚合反应以配位-插入机理进行.     

Characterization of Pt-Ru/C catalysts by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and temperature-programmed surface reaction

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was employed to characterize carbon black supported Pt-Ru catalysts, which are commercially available to be utilized as the anode of polymeric-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells. Both Pt and Ru were found partially oxidized in the as-received form. Upon exposure to hydrogen at room temperature, the catalysts were completely reduced to the metallic state. The bimetallic nanoparticles on the Pt-Ru/C catalysts possess an inner core enriched in Pt, which is surrounded by a Ru-rich outer shell. Such a core–shell structure retained even at an elevated reduction temperature of 623 K. Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) was carried out to explore the reactivity of adsorbed CO toward hydrogen on various catalysts. Both the peak temperature of the TPSR profile and the amount of methane generated during the course of TPSR were sensitive to the surface composition of Pt–Ru nanoparticles. In combination of XAS and TPSR results, a slight difference in the nanostructure between two Pt-Ru/C catalysts was manifested.     

Recent Progress on Nazarov Cyclizations: The Use of Iron Salts as Catalysts in Ionic Liquid Solvent Systems

Nazarov cyclization is an important and versatile method for the synthesis of five‐membered carbocycles, and extensive studies have been conducted to optimize the reaction. Among recent studies, several trends are recognized. One is the combination of different reactions with Nazarov cyclization in a one‐pot reaction system which enables the preparation of unique cyclization products. The second is the use of a transition‐metal catalyst, though Lewis or Brønsted acids have generally been used for the reaction. The third is the realization of the asymmetric Nazarov cyclization. The fourth is the base‐catalyzed Nazarov cyclization. Furthermore, several useful protocols for realizing Nazarov cyclization have also been developed. The recent progress on Nazarov cyclizations is summarized in Section 2. Section 3 is our chronicle in this field. We focused on the use of iron as the catalyst in Nazarov cyclizations and ionic liquids as solvents: Nazarov cyclization of thiophene derivatives using FeCl₃ as the catalyst was accomplished and we succeeded in demonstrating the first example of an iron‐catalyzed asymmetric Nazarov reaction. We next established Nazarov cyclization of pyrrole or indole derivatives using Fe(ClO₄)₃·Al₂O₃ as the catalyst with high trans selectivities in excellent yields. Since the cyclized product was reacted with a vinyl ketone in the presence of the same iron salt, the system allowed realization of the sequential type of Nazarov/Michael reaction of pyrrole derivatives. Furthermore, we demonstrated the recyclable use of the iron catalyst and obtained the desired Nazarov/Michael reaction products in good yields for five repetitions of the reactions without any addition of the catalyst using an ionic liquid, [bmim][NTf₂], as the solvent. We expect that the iron‐catalyzed Nazarov cyclization, in particular, in an ionic liquid solvent might become a useful method to synthesize functional molecules that include cycloalkene moieties.     

Ce-Cu-Co/CNTs催化剂催化合成气制低碳醇及乙醇的研究

采用共浸渍法制备了不同Ce含量的Ce-Cu-Co/CNTs催化剂,考察了其在合成气制低碳醇反应中的催化性能,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、N2吸脱附实验(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)和CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)对这些催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,当Ce的质量分数为3%时,低碳醇的时空收率和选择性达到最高,分别为696.4 mg?g-1?h-1和59.7%,其中乙醇占总醇的46.8%,适量Ce的添加能提高Cu物种在催化剂上的分散度和催化剂的还原性能,能显著地增加催化剂吸附CO的能力,促进合成醇活性位的形成,进而明显提高催化剂的活性和总醇的选择性.研究表明,将具有高活性和高碳链增长能力的CuCo基催化剂与碳纳米管的限域效应结合,可实现缩窄产物分布、大幅度提高乙醇选择性的目的.     

将穆斯堡尔谱应用于煤炭催化液化的研究——Ⅱ.某些变数对铁催化剂转化的影响

在以铁系物为煤液化催化剂的反应中,新生Fe_(1-x)是催化活性物种。Monta no认为煤液化条件下,FeS_2向Fe_(1-x)S转化的过程依赖于反应时间、温度和液化煤种。随着液化反应时间的增长,温度的提高,FeS_2转化率增大。液化反应体系的H_2S气体分压影响着Fe_(1-x)S的化学计量式。本文用穆斯堡尔谱研究了煤在铁系催化液化反应中,几种因素对Fe_(1-x)S生成情况的影响。     

Transesterification of Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Calcium Hydroxide which Obtained from Hydrolysis Reaction of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) was investigated in transesterification reaction of triglycerides to determine its viability as a solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Literature survey showed that CCR has never been studied as a solid catalyst in the transesterification of triglyceride. The scope of the study includes the effects of CCR calcination temperature, calcination time, the alcohol/oil molar ratio, the catalyst amount (wt % of oil) and the reaction time. The relationship between chemical composition and catalytic activity of waste cement was also investigated. These CCR catalysts, thermally activated at 600 °C, can give rise to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) purity higher than 99.5%, after 3 h of reaction, when oil/methanol molar ratio of 1/12 and 1 wt % of the catalyst were employed. Application of CCR as catalyst for biodiesel production in this study may not only provide a cost‐effective and environment friendly way of recycling CCR waste but also reduce hopefully the cost of biodiesel production.