Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmannii</Emphasis> Leaves and Tubers

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–116, March–April, 2005.     

Production of methyl ester fuel from microalgae

Microalgae are unique photosynthetic organisms that are known to accumulate storage lipids in large quantitites and thrive in saline waters. Before these storage lipids can be used, they must be extracted from the microalgae and converted into usable fuel. Transesterification of lipids produces fatty acid methyl esters that can be used as a diesel fuel substitute. Three solvents, 1-butanol, ethanol, and hexane/2-propanol, were evaluated for extraction efficiency of microalgal lipids. Type of catalyst, concentration of catalyst, time of reaction, temperature of reaction, and quality of lipid were examined as variables for transesterification. The most efficient solvent of the three for extraction was 1-butanol (90% efficiency), followed by hexane/2-propanol and ethanol. Optimal yield of fatty acid methyl esters was obtained using 0.6N hydrochloric acid in methanol for 0.1 h at 70°C.     

The facile solid-phase synthesis of cholesterol-based polyamine lipids

A facile solid-phase methodology for the production of cholesterol-based polyamines useful in mediating nucleic acid delivery for gene therapy is described. The methodology is compatible with a range of polyamines producing a library of lipids in excellent yields (>87%) and purity.     

Chain dependence in phospholipid interactions: A thermodynamic study of mixed monolayers

 The interactions between three of the major phospholipids in biomembranes, distearoylphos-phatidylethanolamine, distearoylphosphatidylcholine and sphyngomyelin, forming monolayers at the air–water interface, are studied. Following the Goodrich [1] thermo-dynamic formulation, a quantitative analysis on these interactions is carried out. The general conclusion reached is that, depending on the molecular structure of the lipid and the experimental temperature, significant interactions occur between lipid molecules. One hypothesis is the possibility that, the usual miscibility analysis, in mixed monolayers, could be inadequate to provide information on the interactions in the systems which the hydration forces are significant, is advanced. Received: 30 May 1997 Accepted: 5 October 1997     

Self-assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) microcapsules for controlled drug release

Human serum albumin (HSA) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) were applied as a pair to encapsulate ibuprofen microcrystals by means of a technique based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of oppositely charged species, for the purpose of controlling drug release. The successful adsorption of HSA and DMPA multilayers onto ibuprofen crystals was confirmed by optical microscopy. The drug release process, in a solution of pH 7.4, was monitored by optical microscopy and UV spectroscopy. The results revealed that the rate of release of ibuprofen from HSA/DMPA microcapsules decreased as the capsule wall thickness and drug crystal size increased, indicating that the permeability of the microcapsules can be controlled by simply varying the number of HSA/DMPA deposition cycles.     

Lipids from Mediasia macrophylla Leaves

Lipids from Mediasia macrophylla leaves were studied. Classes of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids and their fatty-acid composition were determined. The content of chlorophyll and carotinoid pigments in the leaves and lipid extract was found. Essential oil was isolated by steam distillation and contained free and bound fatty acids.     

Lipids from Capsicum annuum Seeds

The composition of free and bound lipids from Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) seeds was studied. Glycolipids, phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerides, and free fatty acids were observed in the bound lipids.     

Concise synthesis of (+)-serinolamide A

Serinolamide A, isolated from a species of marine cyanobacteria, exhibits a moderate agonist effect and selectivity for the CB₁ cannabinoid receptor, which is unusual for marine natural products. Herein, we reported a highly efficient enantiospecific first total synthesis of (+)-serinolamide A from l-serine in nine steps with 30% overall yield. The synthesis method provides a facile, practicable, and economical approach for the preparation of other similar endocanabinoid lipids.     

Characterization of Wastes from Olive and Sugarbeet Processing Industries and Effects of Their Application upon the Organic Fraction of Agricultural Soils

Abstract

The lipidic fraction compositions of both concentrated vinasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, and a compost made basically from olive oil vegetation waters (alpechin) were studied. The alpechin lipids are composed mainly by series of n-alkanes and lineal and branched fatty acids, whereas the major lipids in vinasses were n-alkanes, n-alkanols and acetals. Concentrations and composition of lipids in both materials do not seem of concern.

Preliminary results on the effects of the application of both materials over two years on the organic status of an agricultural soil are also reported. No significant changes were observed in total organic carbon and contents in humic fractions and lipids before and after the applications. However, analysis by GC-MS of the lipid compounds present in bound forms in the subsoil layer revealed that some hydrophobic components were accumulated in the soil following the waste applications.