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91.
Stefanie M. Walz Thomas E. Malner Ulrich Mueller Rolf Muelhaupt 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(4):360-367
We explored phase separation and self‐assembly of perfluoroalkyl segments at the surface of polymer films obtained from latices of semifluorinated acrylate copolymers and the corresponding latex blends of nonfluorinated and semifluorinated polyacrylates. With laser‐induced secondary mass spectrometry the fluorine distribution was measured after annealing above the minimum film‐forming temperature of the polymers up to a depth of several micrometers. Depth profiles of a semifluorinated acrylate homopolymer and latex blends thereof with fluorine‐free alkylacrylates with 25, 50, and 75 mol % semifluorinated acrylate as well as a copolymer comprised of alkyl acrylate and semifluorinated acrylate (50/50 mol %) were investigated. In the case of latex blends containing both semifluorinated polyacrylates and fluorine‐free or low‐fluorine polymers, self‐assembly accounted for enrichment of the perfluoroalkyl segments at the surface. Coatings exhibiting low surface energy and having a substantially reduced total fluorine content were obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 360–367, 2003 相似文献
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朱方生 《武汉大学学报(理学版)》1995,(3)
构造了线性二次型最优控制的并行算法,介绍了这个并行算法在武汉大学“WUDP91”并行分布式处理系统上试算的数值应用软件的框图.本软件适用于既定动态系统的平衡问题.对于经济系统,可通过政策控制变量来调节和改善其状态和响应.对于自治系统可找出最优控制使得消耗函数达到最小值.通过对一系列例子进行试算,结果证实,所构造的并行算法和相应的数值软件是有效的,其加速比约为7. 相似文献
94.
Jin Kyu Park Dong Hun Lee Bok Ju Song Jae Buem Oh Hwan Kyu Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(3):1326-1342
We have designed and synthesized novel perfluorinated polyimides with 3D controlled structure. At first, we successfully developed the new synthetic routes to diamines with pendant bulky perfluorinated aromatic units in a multi‐step synthetic procedure. Novel perfluorinated polyimides were prepared in a two‐step reaction in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solution: The first step was for the synthesis of polyamic acids (PAAs) and the second reaction was for the imidization of PAA. The polymer yield was over 89% and the inherent viscosity of PAAs was in the range of 0.24–0.36 dL/g. The thin films were prepared by spin‐coating the PAA solution in NMP onto various substrates such as a Si wafer or a KBr pellet, dried at 80 °C and further cured at 230 °C. The resultant polyimides are thermally stable over 400 °C. The refractive index and birefringence of the resultant polyimides are 1.5858–1.6452 and 0.01–0.005, respectively. The refractive index of polyimide decreases with increasing the fluorine content. The copolymerization and the ether linkages into the backbone reduce the birefringence of polyimides. Surprisingly, the pendant ether linkage is not a crucial factor in reducing the polyimide birefringence. Their birefringence is comparatively very low, compared with that of previous polyimides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1326–1342, 2006 相似文献
95.
The solubilities of o-, m- and p-xylene in water were measured at 25.0°C up to 250, 385, and 50 MPa, respectively. The solubility increased with increasing pressure up to 120 MPa (50 MPa for p-xylene) and then decreased. The reaction volumes, Vo accompanying the dissolution at 0.1 MPa were estimated as –3.6±0.5, –3.4±0.5, and –4.1±0.5 cm3-mol–1 for o-, m-, and p-xylene, respectively, from the pressure dependences of the solubilities. The limiting partial molar volumes, of p- and o-xylene in water under high pressure were estimated from Vo and the molar volume of the xylene. The partial molar volumes decreased with increasing pressure. The reaction volume for the formation of intra-molecular pairwise hydrophobic interaction between the methyl groups, as proposed by Ben-Naim, is discussed for the Vo of p- and o-xylene at 0.1 MPa. 相似文献
96.
为了探讨有机化合物的分子结构与理化性质的关系,作者在以前的工作基础上,基于一阶分子连通性拓扑指数构建了一个信息拓扑指数.将拓扑指数与取代脂环烃系列分子的气态标准生成热、气态标准熵、气态标准生成自由能、沸点、临界温度、临界压力、临界体积、汽化热、密度、热容及表面张力等十一种热力学性质及物理化学性质相关联,用一个通用公式对各类性质进行概括,然后用已有的实验数据与拓扑指数进行回归分析,得到一系列计算各性质的经验公式.回归结果发现,分子的理化性质与拓扑指数有较好的相关性,有5类性质的复相关系数大于0.99.用经验公式对各类性质进行重新计算,其结果与实验值比较符合,用实验值对计算值作图,发现各数据点紧靠对角线,说明误差较小.残差分布呈正态分布. 相似文献
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100.
Laurence E. Strong Christopher L. Brummel Robert Ryther John R. Radford Alan D. Pethybridge 《Journal of solution chemistry》1988,17(12):1145-1167
Precision molar conductances of benzoic, o-toluic, 2,6-dimethylbenzoic, 2,3,6-trimethylbenzoic, and, o-fluorobenzoic acids have been determined in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and of concentration up to near saturation (<0.035 M). At the higher concentrations molar conductances are found to be less than anticipated for the simple dissociation of a 1-1 electrolyte. Although the deviations are only 1% or less they have been interpreted to show that these acids are dimerized in solution. The interpretation includes an assumption that the dimer ionizes to produce a triple ion. Increasing numbers of methyl groups lead to increasing dimerization. For those acids with two ortho groups the dimerization increases with increasing temperature while the other three show decreasing dimerization with increasing temperature. Temperature functions have been determined for the dimerization constants and from these functions standard changes in enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity have been determined. Comparisons are made with dimerization studies in non-aqueous solvents. From these as well as the behavior of benzene in water it is concluded that a major factor driving the dimerization is hydrophobic interaction. To provide a limiting conductance of the triple ion needed in the dimerization calculations a conductance study was also made for o-Phenylbenzoic acid on the assumption that its anion provides an approximate model of the triple ion. 相似文献