Solid‐phase extraction disk based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the enrichment of targeted pesticides from aqueous samples

A sensitive method for the determination of six varying polarity pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, carbendazim, simazine, linuron, and tebufenozide) based on a solid‐phase extraction disk with multiwalled nanotubes is proposed.A dispersion of multiwalled nanotubes in a surfactant aqueous solution (Triton X‐100) was used for the preparation of the solid‐phase extraction disk. The effect of surfactant on the functional groups of multiwalled nanotubes was examined by applying temperature‐programmed desorption. It was found that this treatment increased the amount of oxygen groups of treated multiwalled nanotubes comparing with untreated ones. The factors that may influence the adsorption and recovery such as the kind and volume of eluent, volume, flow rate and pH of sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the maximal enrichment factors for low polar pesticides are ranging from 4000 to 4985 and for more polar are 2250 and 2750. The linear range of calibration curves was 10–500 ng/L with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9960, and the detection limit was 6.2–23.7 ng/L. Finally optimized method was applied for determination trace level of five out of six pesticides in tap and river water samples with good recovery.     

Directly‐coupled‐column ultra‐fast liquid chromatography with diode array detection method for the rapid quantification of allergenic disperse dyes in water preconcentrated by magnetic solid‐phase extraction

A directly‐coupled‐column ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for the determination of 12 allergenic disperse dyes in river water at sub‐ppb levels has been developed and successfully validated. The analytical method is based on the use of two different reversed‐phased columns connected through a two‐position switching valve. A baseline separation was achieved by proper selection of stationary phases, mobile phases, and the use of a gradient elution in both dimensions. Furthermore, an easy‐to‐handle magnetic solid‐phase extraction procedure was developed for the preconcentration of 12 allergenic disperse dyes from river water. An enrichment factor of 100 times was obtained. The results showed excellent performance in terms of trueness (76.8–99.0%), precision (intraday: 2.2–8.0%, interday: 3.3–8.2%), and sensitivity (limits of determination, 0.027–1.46 μg/L). Twenty real samples collected from the outfalls in the Yaojiang, Yongjiang and Fenghuajiang estuary were analyzed, and three of the studied compounds were found in one collected sample (12.6 μg/L for disperse blue 7, 11.6 μg/L for disperse blue 106, and 0.22 μg/L for disperse blue 3).     

微波辅助快速制备核-壳型尿苷印迹聚合物及其在线富集应用研究

采用微波辅助加热,以尿苷为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,快速制备尿苷印迹聚合物,聚合时间大大缩短,仅为传统加热的1/8.采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对印迹聚合物进行表征,结果表明二氧化硅表面成功包覆尿苷印迹壳层;该印迹聚合物颗粒分散均匀,印迹壳层厚度约为100 nm.将该印...     

人神经母细胞瘤的磷酸化膜蛋白质组分析

针对人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞系的磷酸化膜蛋白质组,发展了基于多酶酶解法结合杂化硅胶基质固定化钛离子亲和色谱(Ti4+-IMAC)整体柱富集的分析策略。该方法通过对细胞裂解液进行超速离心,以及1 mol/L NaCl和0.1 mol/L Na2CO3顺序清洗,获得膜蛋白质组分。所提取的蛋白质分别经胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶平行酶解,产生的肽段经Ti4+-IMAC整体柱选择性富集磷酸肽后,采用纳升级反相液相色谱分离和质谱鉴定,成功鉴定到43个磷酸化蛋白质,其中有14个定位于膜上。研究结果表明,采用该策略开展SH-SY5Y细胞系磷酸化膜蛋白质组学分析有望加速对该肿瘤的研究和相关潜在标记物的筛选。     

Application of liquid phase deposited titania nanoparticles on silica spheres to phosphopeptide enrichment and high performance liquid chromatography packings

A novel core-shell composite (SiO(2)-nLPD), consisting of micrometer-sized silica spheres as a core and nanometer titania particles as a surface coating, was prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD). Here, we show the resulting core-shell composite to have better efficient and selective enrichment for mono- and multi-phosphopeptides than commercially available TiO(2) spheres without any enhancer. The material exhibited favorable characteristics for HPLC, which include narrow pore size distribution, high surface area and pore volume. We also show that the core-shell composite can efficiently separate adenosine phosphate compounds due to the Lewis acid-base interaction between titania and phosphate group when used as HPLC packings. After coating the silica sphere with titania by LPD, the silanol of silica spheres will be shielded and that the stationary phase, C(18) bonded SiO(2)-3LPD, could be used under extreme pH condition.     

Synthetic Antitumor Vaccines Containing MUC1 Glycopeptides with Two Immunodominant Domains-Induction of a Strong Immune Response against Breast Tumor Tissues

A shot in the arm for cancer treatment: Two MUC1 tetanus toxoid vaccines were synthesized and induced a strong immune response in mice. The antibodies elicited by the vaccines show a high selectivity for the tumor cells in mammary carcinoma tissues and also distinguish between tumor tissues at different stages.     

QUADRATURE METHODS FOR HIGHLY OSCILLATORY SINGULAR INTEGRALS

We address the evaluation of highly oscillatory integrals,with power-law and logarithmic singularities.Such problems arise in numerical methods in engineering.Notably,the evaluation of oscillatory integrals dominates the run-time for wave-enriched boundary integral formulations for wave scattering,and many of these exhibit singularities.We show that the asymptotic behaviour of the integral depends on the integrand and its derivatives at the singular point of the integrand,the stationary points and the endpoints of the integral.A truncated asymptotic expansion achieves an error that decays faster for increasing frequency.Based on the asymptotic analysis,a Filon-type method is constructed to approximate the integral.Unlike an asymptotic expansion,the Filon method achieves high accuracy for both small and large frequency.Complex-valued quadrature involves interpolation at the zeros of polynomials orthogonal to a complex weight function.Numerical results indicate that the complex-valued Gaussian quadrature achieves the highest accuracy when the three methods are compared.However,while it achieves higher accuracy for the same number of function evaluations,it requires signi cant additional cost of computation of orthogonal polynomials and their zeros.     

基于超疏水高黏附结构的痕量农药分子现场检测SERS基底研究

多种农药,包括孔雀石绿（MG）作为禁用兽药,存在食用致癌的风险。由于MG低廉的价格和极好的药效,在渔业养殖中一直被不法商贩非法使用,使得鱼类生鲜中时有MG残留检出。针对MG分子痕量残留的检测,目前一般是抽取少量养殖水样,再利用高效液相色谱柱、液相色谱-光谱等方法来评估其是否超标。这类传统的检测方法一般需要依赖价格昂贵的大型设备,且检测过程操作繁琐复杂,单次检测耗时长、价格高,因而与农贸市场中商品流通量大、速度快、价格需亲民低廉等特点和要求不相符合。近年来,表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）检测技术以及便携式拉曼光谱仪的出现,有望实现对痕量农药分子的现场快速检测,进而很好地解决这一问题。SERS检测技术利用金属纳米结构的表面等离激元效应感应位于其结构表面附近的分子,得到分子种类和浓度信息。为了降低可检测的浓度极限,一般会在SERS基底上利用咖啡环效应或其他手段将待测分子蒸发富集,以获得足够高的信号强度。针对亲水基底,液滴与基底相接触后,会在基底表面摊开,使其分布面积扩大,导致其咖啡环周长变长,分子分布浓度随之降低。而当采用疏水基底富集时,由于常规的疏水基底表面黏附性小,液滴在其表面处于随处滚动无法抓取的状态,极大增加了操作的难度。以MG分子痕量残留的检测为例,由于农贸市场人员众多、无专业实验平台,磕碰撞击时有发生,在此环境下采用疏水SERS基底对农药分子进行检测显然是不可取的。该研究提出一种基于超疏水高黏附纳米森林结构的SERS基底用于痕量MG分子的快速现场检测。相比于超疏水SERS基底,所提出的超疏水高黏附基底利用其高黏附性可牢固抓取待测液滴,解决了以往超疏水基底在实际现场检测中存在液滴滚动无法操作的问题。此外,与亲水基底相比,超疏水高黏附基底由于接触角大,可将咖啡环面积缩小5.73倍,继而使分子的富集浓度提高5.73倍,最终使检测极限浓度降低了至少两个数量级。研究所提出的超疏水高黏附SERS基底有望在痕量农药分子快速现场检测中得到应用。     

Bridging the scales in nano engineering and science

This review article describes various multiscale approaches, development of which was spurred by the emergence of nanotechnology. The multiscale approaches are grouped into two main categories: information-passing and concurrent. In the concurrent multiscale methods both, the discrete and continuum scales are simultaneously resolved, whereas in the information-passing schemes, the discrete scale is modelled and its gross response is infused into the continuum scale. Most of the information-passing approaches provide sublinear computational complexity, (i.e., scales sublinearly with the cost of solving a fine scale problem), but the quantities of interest are limited to or defined only on the coarse scale. The issues of appropriate scale selection and uncertainty quantification are also reviewed.     

The effect of hydrogen addition on flammability limit and NOx emission in ultra-lean counterflow CH4/air premixed flames

The effect of hydrogen addition to ultra lean counterflow CH₄/air premixed flames on the extinction limits and the characteristics of NO_x emission was investigated by numerical simulation. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were employed. The results show that the addition of hydrogen can significantly enlarge the flammable region and extend the flammability limit to lower equivalence ratios. If the equivalence ratio is kept constant, the addition of hydrogen increases the emission of NO in a flame due to the enhancement in the rate of the NNH or N₂O intermediate NO formation routes. The addition of hydrogen causes a monotonic decrease in the formation of NO₂ and N₂O, except flames near the extinction limits, where the emission of NO₂ and N₂O first increases, and then decreases with the increase in the fraction of hydrogen. Overall, hydrogen enrichment technology allows stable combustion under ultra lean conditions, resulting in significant CO₂ and NO emission reduction.