核磁共振成像一维空间编码教学实验

利用梯度磁场实现检测信号的空间编码,是核磁共振成像(MRI)的关键技术.本文采用ccc系列样品将二维问题简化为一维,使用超小型教学用核磁共振成像仪进行了一维空间编码实验研究,并对实验过程及实验结果进行了计算模拟和分析.     

0.86μm激光扫描二维成像的实验研究

本文给出作者设计的0.86μm激光二维成像系统的原理框图、成像雷达距离方程和部分物体对0.86μm激光的反射对比度的测试数据,并展示了各类物体激光成像的照片.     

用离子速度影象技术研究n-C4H9Br的光解

利用离子速度影象技术研究了正一溴丁烷(n-C4H9Br)在231~267 nm波段的光解,得出了如下结论:正一溴丁烷(n-C4H9Br)在231~267 nm波段的吸收源于基态到三个最低激发态的跃迁,这三个激发态标识为1A″、2A′和3A′;发生在这三个排斥态的势能面(PES)上的光解最终导致C4H9 Br(2P3/2)或C4H9 Br*(2P1/2)的产生;2A′和3A′态之间存在避免交叉(Avoided crossing)会影响最终的光解产物;从基态1A′到激发态1A″的跃迁矩垂直于对称面,也就垂直于C-Br键;从基态1A′到激发态3A′的跃迁矩平行于对称面,同时平行于C-Br键;从基态1A′到激发态2A′的跃迁矩在对称面内,且与C-Br键成53.1°夹角.我们也讨论了正一溴丁烷(n-C4H9Br)在234 nm和267 nm附近光解时的避免交叉几率(Avoided crossingprobability),以及它对单通道相对产额(Relative fraction of the individual pathways)的影响.     

红外动态图像生成技术概念研究

红外动态图像生成技术的基本概念包括基本术语及其定义。为了描述红外动态图像生成技术的特性,通常采用如光源类型、光谱波段、阵列规模、空间分辨率、填充因子、时间常数、帧频、闪烁、温度范围、串扰、均匀性、发射率、辐射对比度、动态范围、温度分辨率、调制传递函数、几何畸变及最大温度和最大辐射强度等概念。介绍了描述红外动态图像生成系统性能的基本概念的定义。转换器的指标定义对于转换器的设计和性能指标的测试都有重要的意义。     

“阳”加速器钼丝X-pinch初步实验研究

 在“阳”加速器上进行了直径分别为10, 15, 20 μm, 交叉角为32°,45°,60°的钼（Mo）丝X-pinch实验。“阳”加速器产生的电流峰值约520 kA，上升时间80 ns。实验中通过X射线功率谱仪和纳秒分幅相机等仪器对Mo丝X-pinch辐射特性进行了诊断。实验表明：Mo丝X-pinch过程中会出现多次X射线爆发，箍缩过程中产生的热点辐射出能量超过3 keV的X射线，探测到的最小热点直径小于30 μm。     

光学三维成像实验系统

建立光学投影层析三维成像系统,该系统包括光学成像、图像采集、断层重建及三维显示,重建算法为滤波反投影算法.实验结果表明:利用该系统得到的重建图像与样品的形状吻合,重建结果边缘清晰,伪迹较小.     

Electronic spectra of cationic forms of meso-tetrapropylporphin in a nanoporous silicate gel matrix

We have studied the fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra at 300 K, 77 K, and 4.2 K for silicate gel matrices colored with meso-tetrapropylporphin by impregnation of the matrix with a solution of the pigment. Comparison of the data obtained with the absorption spectra in acidified solutions and analysis of the low-temperature fine-structure vibronic spectra, and also taking into account data obtained earlier for octaethylporphin in a xerogel showed formation of two cationic forms of meso-tetrapropylporphin in the gel matrix: the short-wavelength form has a dicationic structure, while the long-wavelength form has a monocationic structure. We have traced out the correlations of the vibrational structure in the spectra of the dicationic form with data for the porphin dication, and we have drawn a number of conclusions concerning the normal vibrational modes that are active in the vibronic fluorescence and absorption spectra of the studied cationic forms. Using the AM1 semiempirical quantum chemical method, we optimized the geometry of the mesotetrapropylporphin dication: the most stable of the possible conformers is the dication structure with saddleshaped macrocycle nonplanarity. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 453–461, July–August, 2006.     

Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of a bichromophoric molecule, 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in various media

Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of a title molecule (with benzene and aliphatic amine parts) in various media, after excitation by several lasers were observed to complement the previous work by conventional spectroscopy [N. Kanamaru, J. Tanaka, J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 6441]. Though complex with many new features, the results were roughly consistent with the previous ones. The significant conclusions are as follows: (1) The emission to be ascribed to the amine (N) part, with more than one component (of nN and aN types) is observed not only for the acetonitrile solution (as previously reported) but also for all the other media. (2) Contrary to the case of a nonpolar hexane solution, both of N fluorescences in the other media reveal unusually long-lived decay components. This can be interpreted by assuming the so-called charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) state that is nonfluorescent and lies just below the fluorescent state. (3) This observation in the protic media can also be taken as another evidence of the peculiar hydrogen bonding between this amine and the protic solvent molecules [N. Kanamaru, J. Tanaka, J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 6441]. (4) Thus, the unexpectedly large quantum yields of N fluorescences in the polar media are now interpreted as arising due to the slow S₁^N→(CTTS)→S₀ internal conversions.     

Monitoring the Aggregation of Dansyl Chloride in Acetone through Fluorescence Measurements

The aggregation of dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) in acetone has been studied in detail by steady-state fluorescence techniques.It has been demonstrated that DNS-Cl is stable in acetone during purification and aggregation study processes.The aggregates are not solvolyzed in acetone,and do not take part n any chemical reactions either.It has been found that DNS-Cl tends to aggregate even when its concentration is much lower than its solubility in acetone.The aggregation is reversible,and both the aggregation and the deaggregation are very slow processes.Introduction of SDS has a positive effect upon the formation and stabilization of the aggregates.     

一类新的表面活性剂——长链烷基三苯基鏻——Ⅵ.稳态荧光猝灭法测定十二烷基三苯基溴化鏻胶束的平均簇集数

研究了十二烷基三苯基溴化鏻(C_(12)PBr)胶束中N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)和二苯甲酮(DPK)对芘的荧光猝灭,发现DMA的猝灭行为不符合Stern-Volmer动态猝灭和Turro静态猝灭模型;DPK的猝灭行为不符合Stern-Volmer猝灭模型,但遵从Turro静态猝灭模型。根据DPK的静态猝灭性质测得C_(12)PBr胶束的平均簇集数为15士2,并相应地得到C_(12)PBr的临界胶束浓度为(1.77±0.09)×10~(-3)mol/L,后者与文献值一致。