高速二元柔壁自适应风洞消除三元波反射探索

介绍了近年来跨音速二元柔壁自适应风洞中消除三元波反射的试验技术研究,包括研究现况、试验方法、试验结果与分析等。通过初步探索,展示了跨音速二元柔壁自适应风洞的潜力与应用前景。     

Applications and developments of aeroelasticity of flexible structure in flow controls

柔性结构与空气动力耦合形成的系统呈现出丰富的非定常、非线性流动和结构动力学行为,对其气动弹性效应合理地控制和利用,能够大幅度提高飞机机翼、风力机叶片等结构的气动性能,并使其具有气动自适应能力.本文总结了近年来与气弹效应应用相关的研究进展及存在的问题,具体介绍了薄膜翼型的流动控制特性、柔性壁面减阻技术以及Sinha扰流装置的发展过程、主要成果以及未来发展趋势,着重对相关试验、流固耦合数值分析、Lagrangian拟序结构动力学等理论分析方法进行总结,展示了气弹效应在流动控制方面的巨大潜力和深远的学术意义,以便更多的研究人员开展该领域的研究工作.     

DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF RIGID-FLEXIBLE COUPLING FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT WITH JOINT CLEARANCE1)

大型柔性航天器展开锁定后,运动副中仍存在大量无法消除的间隙. 铰链间隙直接影响柔性航天器的姿态 运动和有效载荷的指向精度及稳定度,会对航天器的动力学特性造成较大的影响. 针对这一问题, 提出一种含间隙铰 接的航天器刚柔耦合动力学建模与控制方法. 首先建立含间隙的铰链精确动力学模型,从而构建含间隙铰接的柔性结构 动力学模型. 然后利用哈密顿原理和模态离散方法,建立含间隙铰接柔性航天器离散形式的刚柔耦合非线性动力学 模型,采用 Newmark 算法对非线性动力学方程进行求解. 基于压电纤维复合材料 (macro fiber composite, MFC) 驱动器 构建航天器的刚-柔-电耦合动力学方程,采用最优控制设计控制律. 分析了铰链参数、中心刚体转动惯量、间隙尺寸和间隙数目对航天器动力学特性的影响,着重研究了铰链间隙对航天器姿态运动和结构振动的影响作用. 最后采用 MFC 驱动器对航天器施加主动控制. 结果表明,铰链参数和中心刚体转动惯量影响航天器的固有频率;随着铰链间隙尺寸的增大及间隙数目的增多,航天器的整体刚度逐渐减小,而航天器的姿态角和振动位移响应不断增大;通过基于 MFC 的主动控制,能够实现含间隙铰接航天器姿态运动与结构振动的协同控制,并缓解间隙对系统动态特性造成的影响.     

Elastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible layered shells made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials with different moduli and subjected to axisymmetric loading

The paper proposes a numerical technique for analysis of the elastoplastic stress-strain state of flexible layered shells of revolution under axisymmetric loading. It is assumed that the shells are made of isotropic and transversely isotropic materials with different moduli in tension and compression. The technique is based on a geometrically nonlinear theory of shells that takes into account the squared angles of rotation and the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses for a layer stack. The deformation of isotropic materials is described using the theory of deformation along paths of small curvature. The deformation of transversely isotropic materials is described using the theory of elasticity with different moduli in tension and compression. The problem is solved by the method of successive approximations. A numerical example is given __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 31–42, November 2007.     

Évolution quasi-statique d'un fil souple inextensible sur un plan avec frottement sec : cas discretQuasi-static motion of a supple,homogenous and inextensible string on a horizontal plane with dry friction: discret case

The differential inclusion describing the quasi-static motion of a supple, homogeneous and inextensible string on a horizontal plane with dry friction (Coulomb's law) is a one dimensional evolution model of a continuous medium, with non-linear geometry, obeying a “plastic-rigid” law. With a view to numerical simulation, we treat the discrete case: the string is assimilated to a chain constituted by rigid rods perfectly articulated around ball-joints. We give variational formulation of the problem and prove existence and uniqueness of solutions. We construct an algorithm that describes the instantaneous solutions when the initial configuration of the string is given. Then, some examples are treated. To cite this article: H. Sayah, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

High-frequency viscoelasticity of crosslinked actin filament networks measured by diffusing wave spectroscopy

We study the short-time relaxation dynamics of crosslinked and uncrosslinked networks of semi-flexible polymers using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). The networks consist of concentrated solutions of actin filaments, crosslinked with increasing amounts of α-actinin. Actin filaments (F-actin) are long semi-flexible polymers with a contour length 1–100μm and a persistence length of 5–15μm; α-actinin is a small 200kDa homodimer with two actin-binding sites. Using the large bandwidth of DWS, we measure the mean-square-displacement of 0.96μm diameter microspheres imbedded in the polymer network, from which we extract the frequency-dependent viscoelastic moduli via a generalized Langevin equation. DWS measurements yield, in a single measurement, viscoelastic moduli at frequencies up to 10⁵Hz, almost three decades higher in frequency than probed by conventional mechanical rheology. Our measurements show that the magnitude of the small-frequency plateau modulus of F-actin is greatly enhanced in the presence of α-actinin, and that the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic moduli is much stronger at intermediate frequencies. However, the frequency-dependence of loss and storage moduli become similar for both crosslinked and uncrosslinked networks at large frequencies, G′(ω)∝G′′(ω)∝ω^0.75±0.08. This high-frequency behavior is due to the small-amplitude, large-frequency lateral fluctuations of actin filaments between entanglements. Received: 20 January 1998 Accepted: 12 February 1998     

柔性机械臂的两种逆动力学方法

本文提出了柔性机械臂运动控制和振动抑制的两种有效的开环控制方法——两点边值逆动力学方法和轨迹规划逆动力学方法。两种逆动力学方法所设计的开环输入不仅可以实现柔性机械臂的点位运动或跟踪优化轨迹，而且同时显著降低或消除了结构柔性对其精确定位的影响。数值模拟和实验证实了理论分析结果     

Symbolic computations in flexible multibody systems

The need for computer aided engineering in the analysis of machines and mechanisms led to a wide variety of general purpose programs for the dynamical analysis of multibody systems. The use of more lightweight structures and an increasing demand of high-precision mechanisms, such as robots, led to the incorporation of flexible bodies in this methodology. This paper presents a formalism for flexible multibody systems based on a minimum set of generalized coordinates and symbolic computation. A standardized object oriented data model is used for the time-invariant system matrices describing the elastodynamic behaviour of the flexible bodies. Consequently, the equations of motion are derived in a form independent of the chosen modelling technique for the elastic bodies. They are generated in a symbolic form using the symbolic formalismNEWEUL and the computer algebra systemMAPLE. Two examples, a rotating beam and a flexible robot, are presented in this paper in order to demonstrate the formalism.     

Optimal control theory and Newton–Euler formalism for Cosserat beam theory

A Newton–Euler formalism is derived for Cosserat beam theory in a purely deductive manner, thanks to an analogy with optimal control theory. The method relies upon joint use of Gauss least constraint principle, Appell's equations and optimal control theory, that was used successfully in a previous work for the classical case of discrete Newton–Euler backward and forward recursions of multibody systems. To cite this article: G. Le Vey, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Free vibrations of flexible shallow shells of complex shape

A method is proposed for studying the free vibrations of flexible shallow shells with a complex planform. The method is based on variational and R-function methods. The R-function method allows constructing a system of basis functions in an analytic form. This makes it possible to reduce the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov equations to Duffing equations. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of shallow shells with a complex planform are given for different curvatures and boundary conditions. The results obtained are compared with published results for simply supported square shells to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the method __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 99–109, April 2007.