Influence of the preparation method on the textural properties of zirconia

Summary New composite sorbents &quot;chlorides of alkaline-earth metals confined to porous alumina&quot; were synthesized and tested for ammonia abatement in a fixed-bed flow adsorber at 25-300°C. It was found that the matrix modification with the salts leads to an increase in its dynamic sorption capacity in the row BaCl₂ < CaCl₂ < MgCl₂. This can be caused by a salt-ammonia interaction that results in the formation of ammonia complexes. The dynamic capacity was found to strongly decrease with temperature. The maximal sorption capacity was detected for a sorbent based on MgCl₂. It equals 58.6 and 11.6 mg/g at T = 25 and 300°C, respectively, or 3.2 and 0.6 mole of ammonia per 1 mole of the salt. The data obtained can be used for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the new sorbents in flow systems for the ammonia removal from gas mixtures, which can be of high interest for gas separation, chemical engineering and catalysis.     

扎赉特旗油砂在氮气气氛下的热解制油研究

油砂是一种含有沥青或其他重质石油的沉积岩，主要用于提取油砂沥青，以生产合成原油。中国拥有相当数量的油砂资源，目前还未开采，仅处于初步研究阶段。加拿大在20世纪初期就展开了油砂的开采及制油研究工作，并于20世纪70年代由加拿大合成油公司实现了工业化生产。油砂生产的沥青和合成油已占其石油总产量的1／4以上。     

新型固定床Raney Ni制备过程中晶相结构的转化

以拟薄水铝石制备粘结剂，加入镍铝合金粉和田菁粉捏合、成型，在空气中高温焙烧，然后用苛性碱溶液充分浸取，制备出可应用于固定床加氢的活性Raney Ni催化剂。采用XRD和TG-DTA分析了催化剂制备过程中晶相结构的转化，结果表明，成型合金焙烧过程中，富铝合金相（如Al₃Ni-Al和Al₃Ni）逐渐转变为贫铝合金相（如Al₃Ni₂和AlNi），释放出的金属铝依次发生氧化，同时抑制金属镍的氧化；在高于1 123～1 133K焙烧时金属铝氧化生成α-Al₂O₃，使催化剂获得较高的颗粒强度。苯加氢活性评价结果表明，该新型固定床Raney Ni催化剂活性高于负载型镍催化剂，也高于参照专利方法制备的有机聚合物粘结的同类型催化剂，并且具有较好的低温加氢活性。     

氧气对褐煤水蒸气气化半焦的活化及机理

以胜利褐煤为原料,利用一段流化床/固定床石英反应器,进行N_2/O_2/H_2O/H_2O+O_2气氛的褐煤热解/气化实验。采用BET、Raman、FT-IR、微波消解ICP-AES、TGA等技术表征半焦。研究氧气添加对气化反应以及半焦结构和反应性的影响,解析了氧气对气化半焦的活化机理。结果表明,氧气添加可以改变半焦结构,活化半焦,从而促进转化率、H_2产率和CO_2产率的提高。氧气对气化半焦的活化作用主要包括两个方面,一是芳核与氧气发生氧化分解反应,破坏了芳环大π键,形成了新的官能团,从而促进了反应(C+H_2O→H_2+CO)的发生;二是随反应的进行,芳香大环(≥6)结构解聚为芳香小环(3-5)结构,同时氧原子进入芳核,形成缺陷位C-O-C,从而导致半焦微晶结构的缺陷程度提高、缩聚程度降低,进而导致半焦反应性和表面吸附作用提高,促进反应(CO+H_2O→H_2+CO_2)的发生。     

溶胶凝胶Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体与甲烷的循环反应性研究

高性能的氧载体是化学链燃烧技术实施的关键.本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备的Fe2O3/A12Oa氧载体,在固定床反应器中研究了它与CH4/空气在900℃下的循环反应性,并利用XRD、ESEM和BET对反应前后的氧载体进行了物化表征.试验结果表明,溶胶凝胶法制备的Fe2O3/A12O3氧载体具有良好的循环反应能力.随着循环次数的...     

逐级酸处理对锡盟褐煤的结构及热解特性的影响：气相产物的生成

为了考察逐级酸处理对锡盟褐煤热解过程中气相产物生成的影响,对锡盟褐煤进行了HF-HNO₃-HCl逐级处理,原煤和酸处理煤样采用固定床热解-气相色谱法在线分析气相产物释放行为和变化的研究。结果表明,逐级酸处理过程对锡盟褐煤热解过程中含氢气体、含氧气体和含硫气体的释放有着明显的影响。不同气体的形成途径、形成阶段和温区不同,导致酸处理过程对其的影响有明显的差异。逐级酸处理的煤样,除因矿物质对煤热解气相产物的影响减弱外,HNO₃处理样还因其氧化作用引起了气相产物释放趋势的变化,使得含氢气体的释放量降低、含氧气体释放量增加;降低了H₂S的累积释放转化率而促进COS的释放。     

低温加压热解脱氧对胜利褐煤亲水性的影响

在固定床反应器中考察了低温（200~350 ℃）、加压（0.25~8.00 MPa）热解条件下胜利褐煤主要含氧官能团的变化规律,并进一步分析了褐煤中含氧官能团的脱除对其吸水能力的影响。结果表明,温度升高对胜利褐煤中羧基和酚羟基的脱除非常有效,压力变化对羧基脱除影响极小,而在3.00~4.00 MPa时对酚羟基脱除效果最佳;同时羧基对煤样的表面极性和亲水性具有决定性作用,当羧基含量不变时,固体比表面积对煤样的吸水性影响相对较明显。     

A General Package for the Simulation of Cyclic Adsorption Processes

A general purpose package for simulation of fixed-bed and cyclic adsorption processes (PSA/VSA and TSA) has been developed. The package allows various models options depending on combinations of conservation equations: Equilibrium model, Macropore or Micropore model (LDF model), Bidisperse model (double LDF model). The fluid flow follows Ergun's equation locally and the operation of the column can be isothermal, adiabatic or non-isothermal, non-adiabatic. Two important industrial separation processes are considered: the propylene/propane and the n/iso paraffins systems. A three-step TSA and a four-step VSA are considered for propylene/propane mixture while a four-step PSA and two-step adsorption/purge-desorption processes are applied to the n/iso paraffins separation.     

STEADY-STATE AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FIXED-BED CATALYTIC REACTOR FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS II.STEADY-STATE AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION RESULTS

In this paper, the steady state and dynamic behavior of the F-T fixed-bed catalytic reactor were discussed. An investigation has been made on the impact of the operation conditions on the steady state behavior of the reactor. A study was made on the reactor dynamic behavior for step changes in the feed temperature, fluid rate and the wall temperature.     

Optimization of Fluoride Adsorption on Acid Modified Bentonite Clay Using Fixed-Bed Column by Response Surface Method

Using small-scale batch tests, various researchers investigated the adsorptive removal of fluoride using low-cost clay minerals, such as Bentonite. In this study, Column adsorption studies were used to investigate the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using acid-treated Bentonite (ATB). The effects of initial fluoride concentration, flow rates, and bed depth on fluoride removal efficiency (R) and adsorption capability (qe) in continuous settings were investigated, and the optimal operating condition was determined using central composite design (CCD). The model’s suitability was determined by examining the relationship between experimental and expected response values. The analysis of variance was used to determine the importance of independent variables and their interactions. The optimal values were determined as the initial concentration of 5.51 mg/L, volumetric flow rate of 17.2 mL/min and adsorbent packed-bed depth of 8.88 cm, with % removal of 100, adsorptive capacity of 2.46 mg/g and desirability of 1.0. This output reveals that an acid activation of Bentonite has made the adsorbent successful for field application.