Sonoprocessing improves phenolics profile,antioxidant capacity,structure, and product qualities of purple corn pericarp extract

For the first time, purple corn pericarp (PCP) was converted to polyphenol-rich extract using two-pot ultrasound extraction technique. According to Plackett-Burman design (PBD), the significant extraction factors were ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature, and ultrasonic amplitude that affected total anthocyanins (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and condensed tannins (CT). These parameters were further optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method for response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM showed a linear curvature for TAC and a quadratic curvature for TPC and CT with a lack of fit > 0.05. Under the optimum conditions (ethanol (50%, v/v), time (21 min), temperature (28 °C), and ultrasonic amplitude (50%)), a maximum TAC, TPC, and CT of 34.99 g cyanidin/kg, 121.26 g GAE/kg, and 260.59 of EE/kg, respectively were obtained with a desirability value 0.952. Comparing UAE to microwave extraction (MAE), it was found that although UAE had a lower extraction yield, TAC, TPC, and CT, the UAE gave a higher individual anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic acid profile, and antioxidant activity. The UAE took 21 min, whereas MAE took 30 min for maximum extraction. Regarding product qualities, UAE extract was superior, with a lower total color change (ΔE) and a higher chromaticity. Structural characterization using SEM showed that MAE extract had severe creases and ruptures, whereas UAE extract had less noticeable alterations and was attested by an optical profilometer. This shows that ultrasound, might be used to extract phenolics from PCP as it requires lesser time and improves phenolics, structure, and product qualities.     

中性磷(膦)类希土萃合物的结构研究——Ⅱ.四(三苯基氧膦)合硫氰酸钕的合成及结构测定

合成了四(三苯基氧膦)合硫氰酸钕配合物,通过元素分析及分子量测定,确定了该配合物的化学式为Nd(NCS)₃·4ph₃P=O。经x射线单晶衍射测定了该配合物的结构,晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/C空间群,晶体学参数如下: a=13.221(7)Å v=6943ų b=23.544(14)Å z=4 c=22.821(18)Å d实验值=1.375g/cm³ β=102.19(5)° d计算值=1.370g/cm³ F(0,0,0,0)=2924e 吸收系数μ=9.8cm^-1(MoK_a) 钕的配位数为七,三个NCS^-根以氮与钕配位,平均键长2.50Å,四个三苯基氧膦以膦酰基上的氧与钕配位,平均Nd—O键长2.39Å。分子具有近似的C₈对称性。