Kopplung des programmierbaren Tischrechners EMG 666 mit einem Vielkanalspektrometersystem mit Anschlußbedingungen nach Standard-Interface SI 1.2.

Die Hauptaufgabengebiete der Spektrometrie gammaaktiver Nuklide in der Hauptabteilung Radioaktive Präparate des ZfK Rossendorf sind Nuklididentifizierung, Bestimmung der Radio-nuklidreinheit und Aktivitätsmessung. Die Bearbeitung erfolgt an Vielkanal-Spektrometersystemen (VKA) in Verbindung mit Ge(Li)-Halbleiterdetektoren. Im Zusammenhang mit einem Probenwechslersystem sind in Zukunft routinemäßig große Probenserien abzuarbeiten. Damit wird die für die Datenerfassung verwendete Peripherie der bestimmende Faktor für die Zeit, die zwischen zwei Messungen vergeht. Für die Ausgabe von 2K-Spektren auf Lochband benätigt man Zeiten, die etwa in der Großenordnung der Meßzeit liegen.     

Accuracy and precision of a laser-spectroscopy approach to the analysis of δ2H and δ18O in human urine

The isotope ratio analysis of body water often involves large sample numbers and lengthy sample processing. Here we demonstrate the ability of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) to rapidly and accurately analyse the isotope ratios of water in urine. We analysed water extracted from human urine using traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and compared those values with IRIS-analysed extracted water and un-extracted urine. Regression analyses for δ²H and δ¹⁸O values between (1) extracted water analysed via IRMS and IRIS and (2) urine and extracted water analysed via IRIS were significant (R ²=0.99). These results indicate that cryogenic distillation of urine was not required for an accurate estimate of the isotopic composition of urine when using IRIS.     

A mass spectrometric line for tritium analysis of water and noble gas measurements from different water amounts in the range of microlitres and millilitres

This paper describes the procedure followed for noble gas measurements for litres, millilitres and microlitres of water samples in our laboratory, including sample preparation, mass spectrometric measurement procedure, and the complete calibrations. The preparation line extracts dissolved gases from water samples of volumes of 0.2 μ l to 3 l and it separates them as noble and other chemically active gases. Our compact system handles the following measurements: (i) determination of tritium concentration of environmental water samples by the ³He ingrowth method; (ii) noble gas measurements from surface water and groundwater; and (iii) noble gas measurements from fluid inclusions of solid geological archives (e.g. speleothems). As a result, the tritium measurements have a detection limit of 0.012 TU, and the expectation value (between 1 and 20 TU) is within 0.2 % of the real concentrations with a standard deviation of 2.4 %. The reproducibility of noble gas measurements for water samples of 20–40 ml allows us to determine solubility temperatures by an uncertainty better than 0.5 °C. Moreover, noble gas measurements for tiny water amounts (in the microlitre range) show that the results of the performed calibration measurements for most noble gas isotopes occur with a deviation of less than 2 %. Theoretically, these precisions for noble gas concentrations obtained from measurements of waters samples of a few microlitres allow us to determine noble gas temperatures by an uncertainty of less than 1 °C. Here, we present the first noble gas measurements of tiny amounts of artificial water samples prepared under laboratory conditions.     

A novel methodological approach for δ18O analysis of sugars using gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Although the instrumental coupling of gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-IRMS) for compound-specific δ¹⁸O analysis has been commercially available for more than a decade, this method has been hardly applied so far. Here we present the first GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O results for trimethylsilyl-derivatives of plant sap-relevant sugars and a polyalcohol (glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and pinitol). Particularly, we focus on sucrose, which is assimilated in leaves and which is the most important transport sugar in plants and hence of utmost relevance in plant physiology and paleoclimate studies. Replication measurements of sucrose standards and concentration series indicate that the GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O measurements are not stable over time and that they are amount (area) dependent. We, therefore, suggest running sample batch replication measurements in alternation with standard concentration series of reference material. This allows for carrying out (i) a drift correction, (ii) a calibration against reference material and (iii) an amount (area) correction. Tests with ¹⁸O-enriched water do not provide any evidence for oxygen isotope exchange reactions affecting sucrose and raffinose. We present the first application of GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O analysis for sucrose from needle extract (soluble carbohydrate) samples. The obtained δ¹⁸O_{sucrose/ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW)} values are more positive and vary in a wider range (32.1–40.1 ‰) than the δ¹⁸O_{bulk/ VSMOW} values (24.6–27.2 ‰). Furthermore, they are shown to depend on the climate parameters maximum day temperature, relative air humidity and cloud cover. These findings suggest that δ¹⁸O_sucrose of the investigated needles very sensitively reflects the climatically controlled evaporative ¹⁸O enrichment of leaf water and thus highlights the great potential of GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O_sucrose analysis for plant physiology and paleoclimate studies.     

湖南生产服务业与先进装备制造业产业发展关系研究

以投入产出模型为基础,计算出湖南省生产服务业与先进装备制造业这两行业与各分行业的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、感应度系数和影响力系数.研究表明：先进装备制造业消耗力度大于生产服务业,但二者消耗水平均远低于发达国家,先进装备制造业对生产服务业的需求推动力和影响力较强,生产服务业的传统服务部门对产业发展推力较强,但资本、知识密集型生产服务部门作用正日益凸显,创新型部门则有待进一步发展.基于上述结论,提出了以生产服务业促进先进装备制造业发展,以先进装备制造业推动生产服务业发展的政策建议.     

新型动态多光学目标模拟装置研究

介绍了多光学系统观测平台的检测方法现状,列举了现有检测用光电靶标的局限性。叙述了动态光学靶标的功能原理,提出一种新的检测设备,即双光源动态光电目标模拟装置的设计方案。并对其进行了理论分析和可行性论证。着重对坐标变换过程进行了演算,证明基准转换的正确性。结合理论基础和现有的工程设计经验,论述了该新型双光源动态光电目标模拟装置的工程化设计方案。最后对该设计方案的最终精度进行了分析,验证了该设计方案可以满足多光学系统观测平台的综合检测和标定需求。     

高能激光精确指向监视系统设计及装调

为实现高能激光的有效发射,设计了一种高能激光精确指向监视系统.该系统通过调整主、次镜的相对位置来进行调焦,同时能够在100~1000m范围内对自然目标清晰成像.利用ZEMAX软件对光学系统进行设计优化,运用ZYGO干涉仪和大口径平行光管进行辅助装调,使成像系统成像角分辨率达到3.38μrad5μrad,光学系统同轴度达到4.75″≤5″,满足设计指标要求.该系统能够捕获、识别、跟踪目标,从而引导高能激光进行精确打击.     

测发控系统方舱结构研究

把航天装备送入空间的快速发射,对测发控系统提出了便捷、移动要求;目前现役运载火箭测发控系统状态是系统复杂、难以移动,已不适应当前航天装备快速送入空间的发展,为此提出一种新型移动式测发控系统方舱结构模式;该模式采取了遵循设备集成原则,通过使用方舱、线缆铺设、人机工程优化等先进设计理念与方法来实现测发控系统快速、可移动的要求,同时解决了该系统原先存在多方面存在的问题;通过长期对系统方舱结构的研究工作,研发出通过采用“设备集成、线缆集中铺设、人机工程优化、方舱结构为平台”等先进技术的新型移动快速测发控系统方舱结构系统,为实现系统快速、可移动要求提供了技术基础;该系统经过工程使用,实现了新一代运载火箭快速简易测发控的目标。     

同步数字体系网管信息提取与插入系统的设计

现有的不同厂家的SDH设备网管信息不能实现互通,为了解决这一问题,提出了一种SDH网管信息提取和插入系统的软硬件设计方案,主要包括网管信息的提取和插入、HDLC数据的封装和拆封、利用主控制器和USB模块进行数据传输,从而实现网管信息的高速上传并在上位机实时显示和保存功能。最后对该系统进行了测试验证,结果表明该系统能分析不同的SDH设备网管信息,为网管信息互通提供了基础信息。