Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Enamido C(sp2)–H Bonds: A General Route to β‐Amido‐vinylphosphonates

Organophosphorus compounds are essential structures in modern pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. The development of new and efficient methods for the synthesis of C–P bonds has been an important focus of research. We herein report a Pd‐catalyzed enamido C(sp²)–H phosphorylation for direct construction of C–P bonds under simple and convenient conditions without the need for additional ligands or directing groups. The present reaction can tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and furnish a variety of phosphorylation products including tetrasubstituted‐vinyl β‐aminophosphonates that are otherwise difficult to access. This protocol was also exemplified into the late‐stage modification of bioactive natural products and was suitable for large‐scale synthesis.     

An efficient method for the synthesis of methyl 11α-amino-3α,7α-diacetoxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate

The synthesis of methyl 11α-azido-3α,7α-diacetoxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate, methyl 11β-azido-3α,7α-diacetoxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate and methyl 11α-amino-3α,7α-diacetoxy-12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate have been achieved. Mechanistic aspects for the decomposition of steroidal azidoketones to its enamines are discussed.     

The chemistry ofN,N-bis (trialkylsilyloxy) enamines

The reactions of primary amines withN,N-bis(trimethylsilyloxy) enamines can give products of both mono-and bis-α-oximinoalkylation of primary amines. The steric restrictions in both reactants substantially retard bis-α-oximinoalkylation. A general method for the synthesis of α-amino-substituted oximes from primary amines and bis-silyl derivatives of aliphatic nitro compounds was developed. For Part 1, see Ref. 1. Published inIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1265–1272, July, 2000.     

Reactions of 4-morpholino-1,2-naphthoquinone with enamines ando-phenylenediamine

The reactions of 4-morpholino-1,2-naphthoquinone with enamines, cyclohexanone derivatives, afford 7a-amino-5-morpholinohexahydrobenzo[b]naphtho[1,2][1,4]dioxines, while the reaction witho-phenylenediamine yields 5-morpholinobenzo[a]phenazine. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 729–732, April, 2000.     

Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclobutanones by a One-Pot Keteniminium-Enamine Process

Herein, we describe an effective one-pot sequence for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclobutanones. This process relies on first a [2+2] cycloaddition involving a keteniminium salt intermediate with an alkene followed by isomerization of the resulting cyclobutaniminium salt into its cyclic enamine form and then reaction of the latter with an electrophile. The adduct can be either hydrolyzed or reduced to give the corresponding cyclobutanone or cyclobutanamine, respectively, with excellent diastereocontrol. A variety of electrophiles was tolerated allowing the incorporation of diverse substituents and functionalities onto the cyclobutyl ring. Additionally, the coplanarity of diverse cyclic enamines was investigated through a DFT study.     

An approach to the synthesis of 1,2λ-azaphosphinines

A novel approach to 1,2λ⁵-azaphosphinines has been elaborated. Aminophosphonium chlorides bearing a β-dialkylaminocrotonic nitrile residue react with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to afford 1,2λ⁵-azaphosphinines.     

Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Isatin with Acetone Catalyzed by Leucinol: A Mechanistic Investigation

Comprehensive mechanistic studies on the enantioselective aldol reaction between isatin ( 1 a ) and acetone, catalyzed by L ‐leucinol ( 3 a ), unraveled that isatin, apart from being a substrate, also plays an active catalytic role. Conversion of the intermediate oxazolidine 4 into the reactive syn‐enamine 6 , catalyzed by isatin, was identified as the rate‐determining step by both the calculations (ΔG^≠=26.1 kcal mol^?1 for the analogous L ‐alaninol, 3 b ) and the kinetic isotope effect (k_H/k_D=2.7 observed for the reaction using [D₆]acetone). The subsequent reaction of the syn‐enamine 6 with isatin produces (S)‐ 2 a (calculated ΔG^≠=11.6 kcal mol^?1). The calculations suggest that the overall stereochemistry is controlled by two key events: 1) the isatin‐catalyzed formation of the syn‐enamine 6 , which is thermodynamically favored over its anti‐rotamer 7 by 2.3 kcal mol^?1; and 2) the high preference of the syn‐enamine 6 to produce (S)‐ 2 a on reaction with isatin ( 1 a ) rather than its enantiomer (ΔΔG^≠=2.6 kcal mol^?1).     

3-乙氧羰基-2,3/2,5-二氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓的互变异构及其热行为

用核磁共振法研究了3-乙氧羰基-2,3/2,5-二氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓（亚胺型杂卓4/烯胺型杂卓5）在氘代甲醇（CD3OD）、苯（C6D6）、三氯甲烷（CDCl3）和二甲基亚砜（DMSO-d6）四种不同极性溶剂中的互变异构.结果表明,无水条件下,亚胺型杂卓4和烯胺型杂卓5在非质子溶剂中不发生相互转化,而在质子溶剂中,亚胺型杂卓4不稳定,部分转化成其异构体—烯胺型杂卓5;基于杂卓4和5在DMSO和CHCl3中的紫外光谱有良好的区分度,用紫外光谱法研究了在DMSO及CHCl3（低温时）中溶液的温度、酸碱度对其互变异构的影响,发现上述异构体在不同温度下均很稳定,并且对弱酸、弱碱稳定.然而,随着溶液酸性的增强,杂卓4向杂卓5快速转化,而在强碱中两种异构体均发生分解.用TG/DSC技术、Kissinger法和Ozawa-Doyle法考察了上述异构体的热稳定性以及第一步分解过程的非等温动力学,确定了分解反应动力学参数（活化能E和指前因子A）及DTG峰温处的热力学参数（△G≠,△H≠,△S≠）.