纳米抗静电织物整理剂的制备和应用

研究了涤纶用抗静电剂－纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡（ATO）在整理剂中的稳定分散技术，探讨了分散剂的类型，添加量，pH值以及球磨工艺对分散的影响。用分散剂BN，粒子呈单分散状态，直径为20nm，可基本解决ATO在水相团聚现象，当分散剂KH560用量为ATO粉体质量的1％，pH值为9左右，球磨40h时，ATO的分散效果最好。用该抗静电整理剂处理涤纶织物，织的表面电阻从未处理的＞10^12Ω的数量级降低到＜10^10Ω的数量级，洗涤50次，抗静电效果基本不变。     

Comparison of different reactive organophosphorus flame retardant agents for cotton. Part II: Fabric flame resistant performance and physical properties

N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is one of the most commonly used durable flame retardant agents for cotton. In our previous research, we developed a new flame retardant finishing system based on a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and bonding agents, such as dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and trimethylolmelamine (TMM). In this research, we compared the flame resistant performance as well as physical properties of the cotton fabric treated with these two flame retardant finishing systems. The cotton fabric treated with MDPA/TMM has a higher initial limiting oxygen index (LOI) than that of the fabric treated with HFPO/TMM due to higher nitrogen content in the system. The LOI of the cotton fabric treated with the HFPO and MDPA systems becomes identical when the treated fabric contains equal amount of phosphorus and nitrogen. The MDPA/TMM shows higher laundering durability on cotton than HFPO/TMM system. The fabric treated with HFPO/TMM and MDPA/TMM has low wrinkle resistance and low strength loss whereas the fabric stiffness significantly increases when the TMM concentration is increased.     

FT-IR Determination of degree of esterification in polycarboxylic acid cross-link finishing of cotton

Cross-linking of cotton with polycarboxylic acids, applied with catalysts based on phosphorus-containing inorganic acids, produces fabrics with excellent smooth-drying properties and which release no formaldehyde at any stage of preparation or on storage. The reaction produces cellulose ester linkages and unreacted carboxylic acid groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the degree of esterification of polycarboxylic acids that occurred on cross-linking of cotton. The height of the carbonyl peak at 1730 cm ^–1 was determined on the same treated fabrics after soaking in dilute acid to convert ionized groups to free acid and then in dilute base to convert free acid to carboxylate ion. The carbonyl peak for the base rinsed fabric (ester only) was ratioed against the same peak for the acid-rinsed fabric (total carbonyl, ester plus acid) to obtain a measure of the degree of esterification. This ratio minimizes the problems of different molar extinction coefficients that are encountered when peaks from different functional groups are used.     

磁流变抛光材料去除的研究

磁流变抛光是近十年来的一种新兴的先进光学制造技术 ,它利用磁流变抛光液在梯度磁场中发生流变而形成的具有粘塑行为的柔性“小磨头”进行抛光。被抛光光学元件的材料去除是在抛光区内实现的。首先简要阐述了磁流变抛光的抛光机理 ,然后利用标准磁流变抛光液进行抛光实验。研究了磁流变抛光中几种主要工艺参数对抛光区的大小和形状以及材料去除率的影响情况。最后给出了磁流变抛光材料去除的规律。     

Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber (NR)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) Bio-Based Shape Memory Polymer Blends

Shape memory NR/PCL bio-based blends, where NR served as the reversible phase and PCL served as the switching phase, were prepared using a melt blending process. Peroxide, besides its role as a cross-linking agent to NR, was used to enhance the compatibility between NR and PCL, which was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy analyses. With increasing peroxide content, the tensile strength increased steadily with decreasing PCL contents, up to 12.3 ± 0.8 MPa for the NR/PCL (70/30) blend at 2 phr peroxide. The shape fixing ratio decreased slightly with increasing peroxide content, especially for high NR content. The values of the shape recovery ratio were high, up to 100%, regardless of PCL content. The recovery stress was found to reach its maximum value around 60°C. In order to consider both fixing ratio (R_f) and recovery ratio (R_r) together, an additional denotation of shape memory index, R_fR_r, coupling both ratios by the product of the fixing ratio and recovery ratio, is proposed. The shape memory index (R_fR_r) reached values close to 100%, at the NR/PCL composition of 50/50 and 70/30; in particular, the highest value was for the 50/50 case regardless of peroxide concentration. The shape recovery ratio and fixing ratio remained largely unchanged even after 30 cycles of deformation and recovery processes for a typical NR/PCL/DCP (30/70/0.5) blend which, thus, outperformed all known shape memory blends in the literature.     

磁流变加工的连续相位板波前及光强特性

对采用磁流变抛光(MRF)工艺加工的大口径连续相位板(CPP)的波前及其光强控制特性进行了分析,对由不同的加工参数(走刀间距和走刀偏置)所加工的三组CPP进行了比较,并分析了MRF加工所引入的中频误差对CPP波前和光强特性的影响。结果表明,走刀间距为2mm、对应走刀偏置范围为0.1~0.3mm时所加工CPP的波前及其光强控制能力较差,远场有一定程度的旁瓣产生;走刀间距为2mm、偏置范围为0.4~0.5mm时所加工CPP和走刀间距为1mm、偏置范围为0.1~0.3mm时所加工CPP相比较,迭代加工效率提高,CPP波前中频误差得到一定的改善。进一步分析表明MRF所引入的中频误差对CPP波前梯度及旁瓣影响较大。     

Synthesis of alkali-soluble copolymer (butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) and its application in leather finishing agent

Alkali-soluble copolymer (butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) was synthesized via solution polymerization and used as the emulsifier to prepare acrylic resin for leather finishing agent. The influence of the synthetic conditions, such as the contents of acrylic acid and the initiator types on the properties of P(BA/AA) was investigated in detail. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that the polymerization reaction of P(BA/AA) was complete without “CC” absorption peak. Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC) analysis confirmed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of P(BA/AA) was −44 °C, Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) indicated that the copolymer latex particles dispersed evenly and were less than 100 nm. Moreover, in contrast to acrylic resin prepared with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (OP-10) as the emulsifiers, the applied properties of light leather finished by acrylic resin in use of P(BA/AA) as the emulsifier were measured: The air permeability increased by 18.5% as well as the water-resistance by 28.08% and the wet rub fastness by half class, respectively.     

二氧化钛纳米晶囊泡微乳液在聚氨酯涂饰体系中的应用

以钛酸丁酯为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与十二烷基苯磺酸钠自组装形成的囊泡为微反应器,制备了二氧化钛纳米晶囊泡微乳液.将二氧化钛纳米晶囊泡微乳液与水性阳离子聚氨酯复配,得到聚氨酯/TiO2囊泡微乳液(UPC/TVM)复合皮革涂饰剂,采用TEM、马尔文粒径分析和紫外漫反射等方法,研究了TiO2囊泡微乳液和聚氨酯配比对涂饰剂分散、成膜、涂饰性能的影响.研究结果表明,TiO2囊泡微乳液与聚氨酯形成均一的微乳液,粒径尺寸在80 nm左右.TiO2囊泡微乳液的加入,使得UPC/TVM3膜与UPC膜相比,抗张强度、断裂伸长率和吸水性都有所提高并出现明显的抗紫外效果.UPC/TVM复合皮革涂饰剂应用实验结果表明涂层的抗水性提高,耐折性能没有改变.     

磁力研磨法对陶瓷管内表面超精密抛光技术的试验研究

应用磁力研磨法,利用外部磁场控制陶瓷管内部的磁粒刷运动,从而实现对整个陶瓷管内表面的超精密抛光.通过理论分析和试验结果相结合的方法验证了应用磁力研磨法对陶瓷管内表面进行光整加工方法的可行性;为了提高研磨效率,利用ANSYS软件模拟分析并结合试验验证,提出了在陶瓷管内部增加V型磁铁,改变磁回路的磁力线分布,增大了工作区域的磁感应强度,研磨效率成倍增加;通过试验分别对研磨液用量、铁粒子粒径、金刚石粒子粒径等参数对陶瓷管内表面研磨质量和效率的影响进行分析和研究,对工艺参数进行了优化设计.试验结果证明磁力研磨后陶瓷管内表面粗糙度值Ra可以由原始的0.4μm降至0.02μm,达到镜面抛光的效果,为陶瓷管内表面超精密抛光加工提供了一种新方法.     

The local electrochemical behavior of the AA2098-T351 and surface preparation effects investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy

In this work, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements were employed to characterize the electrochemical activities on polished and as-received surfaces of the 2098-T351 aluminum alloy (AA2098-T351). The effects of the near surface deformed layer (NSDL) and its removal by polishing on the electrochemical activities of the alloy surface were evaluated and compared by the use of different modes of SECM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also employed to characterize the morphology of the surfaces. The surface chemistry was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface generation/tip collection (SG/TC) and competition modes of the SECM were used to study hydrogen gas (H₂) evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, respectively. H₂ evolution and oxygen reduction were more pronounced on the polished surfaces. The feedback mode of SECM was adopted to characterize the electrochemical activity of the polished surface that was previously corroded by immersion in a chloride-containing solution, in order to investigate the influence of the products formed on the active/passive domains. The precorroded surface and as-received surfaces revealed lower electrochemical activities compared with the polished surface showing that either the NSDL or corrosion products largely decreased the local electrochemical activities at the AA2098-T351 surfaces.