Investigation of the Kinetics of Curing Reaction for the Resin Matrix Polymer Composite Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive method for the simultaneous measurement of different constituents in resin matrix polymer composites. This strategy has been applied in the synthesis of resin matrix polymer composites. In this article, we mainly review the control of curing reaction kinetics of the phenolic, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, and other polymer resin based on NIR spectra, which is important to control the quality of the resin matrix polymer composites during synthesis.     

A Dual‐Phase Ceramic Membrane with Extremely High H2 Permeation Flux Prepared by Autoseparation of a Ceramic Precursor

A novel concept for the preparation of multiphase composite ceramics based on demixing of a single ceramic precursor has been developed and used for the synthesis of a dual‐phase H₂‐permeable ceramic membrane. The precursor BaCe_0.5Fe_0.5O_3?δ decomposes on calcination at 1370 °C for 10 h into two thermodynamically stable oxides with perovskite structures: the cerium‐rich oxide BaCe_0.85Fe_0.15O_3?δ (BCF8515) and the iron‐rich oxide BaCe_0.15Fe_0.85O_3?δ (BCF1585), 50 mol % each. In the resulting dual‐phase material, the orthorhombic perovskite BCF8515 acts as the main proton conductor and the cubic perovskite BCF1585 as the main electron conductor. The dual‐phase membrane shows an extremely high H₂ permeation flux of 0.76 mL min^?1 cm^?2 at 950 °C with 1.0 mm thickness. This auto‐demixing concept should be applicable to the synthesis of other ionic‐electronic conducting ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of composites made from rice straw and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Rice straw was employed for the preparation of lignocellulosic‐poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites. The effect of pretreatment of rice straw, concentration of PVC, pressure as well as pressing temperature on the mechanical properties and water absorption was studied. Also, the effect of lignin as coupling agent on the mechanical properties and water absorption of composite was studied. Composites of rice straw comprising both PVC and a coupling agent offer superior properties compared to those made from only rice straw and PVC. The extent of improvement in the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of composites depended not only on the pretreatment of rice straw, concentration of PVC and lignin but also on pressure and pressing temperature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rational synthesis of covalently bonded organic-inorganic hybrids

Hybrid materials based on covalently linked inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) and organic species containing a delocalized pi system have drawn increasing attention. These hybrids, traditionally prepared by cluster assembly approaches that lack predictability and controllability, can now be synthesized through common organic reactions by using organically functionalized POM clusters as building blocks. This minireview highlights some of the most recent advances on a particular type of hybrids where the organic and inorganic components are connected by an imido linkage.     

The dynamic mechanical behavior of random-in-plane short fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites

In the present paper, the dynamic mechanical properties of random-in-plane short fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites were studied by using a rheometrics solids analyzer. The three-point bend testing of the four composites (glass fiber/913 epoxy resin, glass fiber/924 epoxy resin, carbon fiber/913 epoxy resin and carbon fiber/924 epoxy resin) was carried out over temperatures from −100°C to 200°C at a frequency of 10 Hz and strain 0.05%. The composites based on 924 epoxy resin, which has been designed specially for high temperature applications, have less energy loss than the 913 epoxy resinbased composites. For the same resin, the carbon fiber-reinforced composites have less energy loss than the glass fiber-reinforced composites. All the composites have less energy loss than their corresponding matrices; the greater the fiber content, the lower the energy loss. The beta transition of 913 epoxy resin has been shifted to a higher temperature after being reinforced. It was shifted from −50°C to −30°C after being reinforced with glass fiber and made a diffuse shoulder-like peak commencing at −30°C after being reinforced with carbon fiber. The 924 epoxy resin has undergone the same change in beta transition as the 913 resin, though to a smaller extent. The phenomenon suggested that interactions between the macromolecules of the epoxy resins and the molecules along the fiber's surface.     

Formation of adhesive phase onto high strength and modulus PE fiber by PE solution treatment for making PE fiber-reinforced PE composite

The method for the formation of adhesive phase onto polyethylene (PE) fiber surface by passage of the PE fiber through hot PE solutions has been investigated for making composite materials reinforced by the PE fibers. When the PE fiber is treated by the low density PE (LDPE) solution in o-xylene in the range of 120 to 135^°C, the tensile strength of the PE fiber is maintained at that of the original PE fiber. Adhesive strength between the PE fiber surface and LDPE phase formed on the PE fiber through the hot PE solution is found to be so high that the PE fiber itself is torn off. The application of the present method to PE fiber-reinforced PE composites will be expected.     

Al2O3/PDMS复合材料热传导的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了Al2O3/聚甲基二硅氧烷(PDMS)复合材料在300 K时的传热行为,通过分析热传导、温度梯度以及导热增强等理论数据,讨论了不同半径以及不同浓度的Al2O3填料粒子对PDMS传热的影响.结果 表明随着体积分数的增大,Al2O3/PDMS复合材料的热传导先减小后增加.并且当Al2O3填充粒子...     

Room temperature thermoelectric performance of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite and their MWCNT-PANI composites

The excellent properties of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide (MAPI) have already created an extensive research interest in photovoltaic applications. However, their utility in thermoelectric application is still not realized thoroughly by researchers. By continuing this interest, we have explored the formation of low dimensional CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPI) perovskite in presence of Polyaniline (PANI) and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and its thermoelectric performance. For this purpose, a two stage, in-situ synthesis method was developed to prepare various composites such as MAPI-PANI, MWCNT-MAPI and MWCNT-PANI-MAPI. The as-formed MWCNT-PANI-MAPI composite revealed p-type conductivity with enhanced ZT (up to ~20,000 times) and power factor (3000 times) at room temperature as compared to pristine MAPI sample. Finally, we have demonstrated a proto-type thermoelectric power generator (TE device) fabricated using the best performing composite sample and measured its power output and efficiency at varied δT.     

Behavior of biodegradable composites based on starch reinforced with modified cellulosic fibers

The aims of this study were to develop composite films based on potato starch and cellulose modified with toluenediisocyanate, to investigate their morphology and structure, and to evaluate their behavior to enzymatic hydrolysis and their potential use to manufacture of biodegradable seedling pots. The effects of modified cellulosic fibers upon mechanical properties and biodegradability of composite materials based on starch matrix were investigated by tensile strength tests, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic vapor sorption. The behavior of the films to enzymatic hydrolysis with amylase and cellulase was studied; the kinetic of enzymatic hydrolysis and characterization of materials are reported. Chemical modification of cellulose improves tensile strength with about 47%, and decreases the biodegradability of composites making them more resistant to microbial attack, thus prolonging their shelf life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电化学法制备石墨烯及其复合材料

石墨烯是一种具有优异物理和化学性质的新型二维碳纳米材料,大规模低成本制备高品质石墨烯的方法是其能够得到广泛实际应用的重要前提. 电化学方法可以快捷、绿色无污染、批量制备高质量的石墨烯及其复合材料. 本综述在对石墨烯各种制备方法进行简要比较之后,对近年来石墨烯、石墨烯/无机纳米复合材料、石墨烯/聚合物复合材料以及类石墨烯材料的电化学法制备进展进行介绍并作了展望.