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21.
以基于准位相匹配和频与差频级联二阶非线性[X^(2):X^(2)]基础上的全光开关的理论分析作指导,进行了周期极化铌酸锂晶体(PPLN)和退火质子交换光波导(APE)的实验制备,利用所研制的PPLN-APE器件,以自行研制的工作波长为1.54μm的被动调Q掺钴铝酸镁激光器作为控制光源,以工作波长为1.5μm的连续二极管激光器为信号光源进行了级联二阶非线性全光开关实验。当控制光峰值功率为3kw,信号光功率为1mW时,实现13%的开关效率,分析了进一步提高全光开关性能的途径。  相似文献   
22.
An verschiedenen Systemen chemischer Verbindungen wurden Versuche zur Anreicherung des stabilen Isotopes 34S unter Verwendung der Ionenaustauscher Wofatit L 150, SBW und SBK nach den Methoden der Frontalchromatographie und der Bandenverdrāngungschromatographie ausgeführt. Beim Isotopenaustauschsystem Hydrogensulfit (am Ionenaustauscher)/Schwefeldioxid (in wäβriger Lösung) wurden Verfahrensweise und Betriebsparameter hinsichtlich des Anreicherungsgrades optimiert. Mit Hilfe einer einfachen Methode gelang es, aus den Versuchsergebnissen Werle für den elementaren Trennfaktor und die Trennstufenhöhe zu berechnen.  相似文献   
23.
Es wird ein Heiβ-Kalt-System mit einfachem Durchfluβ der Fluide untersucht. Dabei wird gezeigt, daβ zwischen den Isotopenkonzentrationen des Gases und der Flüssigkeit lineare Beziehungen bestehen. Eine Möglichkeit zur experimentellen Bestimmung der realen Werte der Parameter der Kolonne wird angegeben.  相似文献   
24.
Es wird die Abhängigkeit der Impulsdichte vom Füllstand bei Meßanordnungen mit γ-Streustrahlungssonden verschiedener Länge untersucht. Verwendet werden die Nuklide 60Co und 137Cs. Ein nahezu linearer Anstieg der Impulsdichte mit dem Füllstand wird bei Füllgütern kleiner Ordnungszahl nur bei Sondenlängen L ≥ μ0 ?1.erzielt. Der Einfluß des Schüttwinkels und der Dichte des Füllgutes wird diskutiert.  相似文献   
25.
Poly(phenylene oxide) block and random copolymers are synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,6-diphenylphenol for potential alkaline exchange membrane application. The copolymers are functionalized on the methyl substituted repeat units through a two-step process to produce pendent quaternary ammonium cationic groups. The amount of quaternary ammonium cations and the ion exchange capacity are quantified through titration measurements. Ionic conductivity of the copolymer membranes is measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Block copolymers show increased bromide conductivity at higher ion exchange capacities compared with the random copolymer analogs. The bromide conductivity for a block copolymer film with an ion exchange capacity of 1.27 mequiv/g reaches 26 mS/cm at 90 °C and 95% relative humidity. The hydroxide conductivity for the same film was measured to be 84 mS/cm at 80 °C and 95% relative humidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1770–1778, 2013  相似文献   
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Coordination chemistry of gold catalysts bearing eight different ligands [L=PPh3, JohnPhos (L2), Xphos (L3), DTBP, IMes, IPr, dppf, S‐tolBINAP (L8)] has been studied by NMR spectroscopy in solution at room temperature. Cationic or neutral mononuclear complexes LAuX (L=L2, L3, IMes, IPr; X=charged or neutral ligand) underwent simple ligand exchange without giving any higher coordinate complexes. For L2AuX the following ligand strength series was determined: MeOH?hex‐3‐yne <MeCN≈OTf??Me2S<2,6‐lutidine<4‐picoline<CF3CO2?≈DMAP<TMTU<PPh3<OH?≈Cl?. Some heteroligand complexes DTBPAuX exist in solution in equilibrium with the corresponding symmetrical species. Binuclear complexes dppf(AuOTf)2 and S‐tolBINAP(AuOTf)2 showed different behavior in exchange reactions with ligands depending on the ligand strength. Thus, PPh3 causes abstraction of one gold atom to give mononuclear complexes LLAuPPh3+ and (Ph3P)nAu+, but other N and S ligands give ordinary dicationic species LL(AuNu)22+. In reactions with different bases, LAu+ provided new oxonium ions whose chemistry was also studied: (DTBPAu)3O+, (L2Au)2OH+, (L2Au)3O+, (L3Au)2OH+, and (IMesAu)2OH+. Ultimately, formation of gold hydroxide LAuOH (L=L2, L3, IMes) was studied. Ligand‐ or base‐assisted interconversions between (L2Au)2OH+, (L2Au)3O+, and L2AuOH are described. Reactions of dppf(AuOTf)2 and S‐tolBINAP(AuOTf)2 with bases provided more interesting oxonium ions, whose molecular composition was found to be [dppf(Au)2]3O22+, L8(Au)2OH+, and [L8(Au)2]3O22+, but their exact structure was not established. Several reactions between different oxonium species were conducted to observe mixed heteroligand oxonium species. Reaction of L2AuNCMe+ with S2? was studied; several new complexes with sulfide are described. For many reversible reactions the corresponding equilibrium constants were determined.  相似文献   
28.
Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
As an important branch of biomedical engineering, respiratory mechanics helps to understand the physiology of the respiratory system and provides fundamental data for developing such clinical technologies as ventilators. To solve different clinical problems, researchers have developed numerous models at various scales that describe biological and mechanical properties of the respiratory system. During the past decade, benefiting from the continuous accumulation of clinical data and the dramatic progress of biomedical technologies (e.g. biomedical imaging), the theoretical modeling of respiratory mechanics has made remarkable progress regarding the macroscopic properties of the respiratory process, complexities of the respiratory system, gas exchange within the lungs, and the coupling interaction between lung and heart. The present paper reviews the advances in the above fields and proposes potential future projects.  相似文献   
29.
The microstructures and magnetic properties of nanoparticles, each composed of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) manganese-oxide shell and a ferromagnetic-like core of manganese-gallium (MnGa) compounds, are studied. The coreshell structure is confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The ferromagnetic-like core contains three kinds of MnGa binary compounds, i.e., ferrimagnetic (FI) DO22-type MnaGa, ferromagnetic (FM) Mn8Gas, and AFM DO19-type Mn3Ga, of which the first two correspond respectively to a hard magnetic phase and to a soft one. Decoupling effect between these two phases is found at low temperature, which weakens gradually with increasing temperature and disappears above 200 K. The exchange bias (EB) effect is observed simultaneously, which is caused by the exchange coupling between the AFM shell and FM-like core. A large coercivity of 6.96 kOe (1Oe = 79.5775 A·m^-1) and a maximum EB value of 0.45 kOe are achieved at 300 K and 200 K respectively.  相似文献   
30.
胡经国  StampsRL 《中国物理》2006,15(7):1595-1601
The rotational anisotropies in the exchange bias structures of ferromagnetism/antiferromagnetism 1/antiferromagnetism 2 are studied in this paper. Based on the model, in which the antiferromagnetism is treated with an Ising mean field theory and the rotational anisotropy is assumed to be related to the field created by the moment induced on the antiferromagnetic layer next to the ferromagnetic layer, we can explain why in experiments for ferromagnetism (FM)/antiferromagntism 1 (AFM1)/antiferromagnetism 2 (AFM2) systems the thickness-dependent rotational anisotropy value is non-monotonic, i.e. it reaches a minimum for this system at a specific thickness of the first antiferromagnetic layer and exhibits oscillatory behaviour. In addition, we find that the temperature-dependent rotational anisotropy value is in good agreement with the experimental result.  相似文献   
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