Fe改性对Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂的马来酸二甲酯加氢性能影响

以Al2O3为载体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备一系列Ru-Fe/Al2O3催化剂,并进行了H2-TPR、XRD及XPS表征。以马来酸二甲酯(DMM)催化加氢合成丁二酸二甲酯(DMS)为探针反应,考察了Fe的加入对Ru/Al2O3催化性能的影响。评价结果表明,当Fe/Ru原子比小于2时,催化剂活性变化不大;但Fe/Ru原子比大于或等于2时,催化剂活性明显增加;与Ru/Al2O3催化剂相比,Fe的加入改善了催化剂的高温氧化还原处理稳定性。以甲醇为溶剂,在70℃、1.0 MPa压力、600 r/min转速下,Ru-Fe/Al2O3催化DMM的转化率与生成DMS的选择性均接近100%。XPS和H2-TPR表征结果表明,Ru-Fe/Al2O3中Fe与Ru产生较强的相互作用,促进Ru的分散且调变了Ru的电子特性。     

FCC汽油二次裂化增产丙烯过程中主要影响因素的研究

利用提升管中试实验装置,研究了催化汽油二次裂化制丙烯过程中热裂化、氢转移反应的特点和影响因素,给出了不同反应条件对丙烯选择性的影响,考察了丙烯选择性最大点处热裂化反应、氢转移反应的变化。研究结果表明,采用适当的反应温度和剂油比以及缩短反应时间能有效抑制热裂化反应和氢转移反应的发生,提高丙烯的选择性。     

过氧化叔丁醇在钼催化剂下对咔唑的催化氧化研究

以油溶性过氧化叔丁醇(TBHP)为氧化剂,采用钼(Ⅵ)类催化剂,对油品中性质稳定的氮化物-咔唑进行了催化氧化研究。考察了钼催化剂及其载体对咔唑氧化的影响。结果表明,在无负载条件下,乙酰丙酮钼(MoO2(acac)2)的催化活性略高于三氧化钼(MoO3);经弱酸性树脂(D113)负载后,MoO3催化活性显著提高;三种载体(Al2O3、树脂D113和树脂D751)均能提高钼催化剂的活性,使咔唑转化率达到65%以上,其中MoO3/Al2O3催化活性最高。杂金属Ni和Co的加入导致MoO3/Al2O3催化活性降低。其次,进行了氧化反应选择性研究,实验发现在反应液中含有二苯并噻吩时,TBHP/MoO3/D113能优先氧化咔唑;而TBHP/MoO3/D751对咔唑和二苯并噻吩具有近似的氧化活性。最后根据光谱数据对咔唑系列产物的结构进行了初步推测。     

SO_2和H_2O对CeO_2/TiO_2/堇青石催化剂选择催化还原NO_x性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了以堇青石为基底、氧化铈为活性组分的整体式脱硝催化剂CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂。通过与商业钒基催化剂(V2O5-WO3/TiO2/堇青石)的对比研究发现,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂表现出了优良的抗硫抗水性能,经过30 h抗硫抗水实验,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂的氮氧化物转化率仍能保持在70%以上,仅下降了5%。BET、XRD、FT-IR和TG表征结果表明,在含硫含水气氛中反应时,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石和V2O5-WO3/TiO2/堇青石催化剂表面均有硫酸铵盐的生成,且前者的生成量明显低于后者。NH3-DRIFT分析结果表明,在含硫含水气氛中两种催化剂表面Brnsted酸性都被增强,而Lewis酸性有所减弱。进一步的XPS分析结果表明,烟气中的SO2+H2O会使催化剂表面Ce4+向Ce3+发生转化,从而导致化学吸附氧含量增加,这是CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂具有优良抗硫抗水性能的重要原因。     

Fatigue crack initiation life of fine grain brass H62

Fine grain alloys possess excellent properties entailing high strength and toughness. Fine brass H62 is made by re-crystallization with grain size ranging from 5 to 10 μm. Fatigue initiation life is investigated from specimens tested on Instron 1341 machine a frequency of 30 Hz. Furthermore fatigue crack initiation life of this fine brass H62 is predicted by the energetic approach. It is found that: (1) the finer the grain size, the longer the fatigue life, which is due to its higher toughness; (2) intergranular cracking is the main mechanism of fatigue failure. Concave pits were found in the zone of fatigue crack propagation; and (3) the energetic approach gave acceptable fatigue crack initiation life estimation.     

Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Selective Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

In this paper, carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulphurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied, using di-isobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and thiophene as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The results show that the Co-Mo/CNT has very high HDS activity and HDS/hydrogenation selectivity comparing with the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/AC catalyst systems. The saturation ratio of cyclohexene was lower than 50%, and the saturation ratio of 1,3-di-isobutylene lower than 60% for the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts. Co/Mo atomic ratio was found to be one of the most important key factors in influencing the hydrogenation selectivity and HDS activity, and the most suitable Co/Mo atomic ratio was 0.4. Co/CNT and Mo/CNT mono-metallic catalysts showed lower HDS activity and selectivity than the Co-Mo/CNT bi-metallic catalysts.     

Stability of Quark Star Models

In this paper,we investigate the stability of quark stars with four different types of inner matter configurations;isotropic,charged isotropic,anisotropic and charged anisotropic by using the concept of cracking.For this purpose,we have applied local density perturbations technique to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation as well as on physical parameters involved in the model.We conclude that quark stars become potentially unstable when inner matter configuration is changed and electromagnetic field is applied.     

Analysis of long crack lines in paper webs

A differential cluster variation method (DCVM) is proposed for analysis of spinoidal decomposition in alloys. In this method, lattice symmetry operations in the presence of an infinitesimal composition gradient are utilized to deduce the connection equations for the correlation functions and to reduce the number of independent variables in the cluster variation analysis. Application of the method is made to calculate the gradient energy coefficient in the Cahn-Hilliard free energy function and the fastest growing wavelength for spinodal decomposition in Al-Li alloys. It is shown that the gradient coefficient of congruently ordered Al-Li alloys is much larger than that of the disordered system. In such an alloy system, the calculated fastest growing wavelength is approximately 10 nm, which is an order of magnitude larger than the experimentally observed domain size. This may provide a theoretical explanation why spinodal decomposition after a congruent ordering is dominated by the antiphase boundaries.Received: 17 November 2003, Published online: 2 April 2004PACS: 64.75. + g Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation - 81.30.-t Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations - 05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics     

Mo（W）－Co（Ni，Fe）簇合物的加氢脱硫催化活性

对线型、立方烷型和笼状３种不同构型的Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｃｏ（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）－Ｓ（Ｏ）簇共１２种化合物进行了噻吩加氢脱硫和环己烯加氢的催化活性研究．讨论了簇合物的组成，金属原子的配比、价态与催化活性的关系．探讨了不同构型对活性的影响．     

介孔硅基分子筛研究新进展

M41S、HMS、MSU 和SBA 等具有规则孔道结构的介孔硅基分子筛及其杂原子衍生物在多相催化、吸附分离及材料科学领域有重要的学术研究与工程应用价值。此类物质可以通过长链季铵盐、伯胺、双子胺或聚氧乙烯类表面活性剂胶束的模板作用, 在多种不同的条件下合成, 并可通过SEM、TEM、XRD、N₂ (A r) 等温吸附-脱附技术和FT-IR、激光Ram an、固体MA S NMR、UV-V is 漫反射、XPS、EXA FS、XAN ES 等谱学手段加以表征。本文对介孔硅基分子筛近年来所取得的进展进行了综述。