Determination of capsaicinoids in peppers by microwave-assisted extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

In this study, a simple method for the determination of free fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, mono and diglycerides present in canola oil deodorizer distillate (DD) and soapstock samples was developed. Analytes were derivatized “in situ” using a mixture of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), pyridine and trifluoroacetic acid; separated by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) for final detection. Two drying procedures were evaluated for drying deodorizer distillate samples before derivatization: freeze drying and drying at 100 °C for 24 h. The use of high temperatures caused the degradation of tocopherols and phytosterols, while lyophilization did not affect the substances negatively. The chromatographic conditions used in this work allow for the separation and quantification of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, monoolein and monolinolein in both samples, and brassicasterol and α-tocopherol in deodorizer distillate samples. MS provided an accurate identification for the compounds which were at very low concentrations (>0.09%). Oleic acid was the most abundant compound in both samples. Deodorizer distillate was an important source of tocopherols which were not detected in the soapstock samples.     

Application of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography to the analysis of a middle distillate fuel

Summary The application of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) to the analysis of a middle distillate fuel is described. Small diameter (50m i.d.) fused-silica capillary columns coated with crosslinked 50% phenyl polymethylphenyl siloxane provided high separation efficiency and good compatibility with flame ionization detection. High resolution separations of the chemical class fractions obtained by adsorption chromatography on alumina were obtained using carbon dioxide as the supercritical mobile phase and simple pressure programming techniques. In addition to the less polar fuel components, supercritical carbon dioxide allowed chromatography of the nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and the hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic materials.     

Analysis of a C9?C10 aromatic hydrocarbon pyrolysis distillate by multidimensional capillary GC and multidimensional capillary GC-MS

This paper describes the use of multidimensional capillary gas chromatography for analysis of individual components in a C₉? C₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon pyrolysis distillate containing substantial amounts of aromatic olefins. By coupling this GC-GC system on-line to a mass spectrometer difficulties in identifying overlapping compounds were overcome. No coelution of different types of compound was observed, but a few isomeric compounds such as methylstyrenes were poorly separated.     

快速气相色谱法分析白酒中的香味组分

中国的传统白酒里含有多种香味组分,包括醇类、醛类、酸类和酯类,它们的比率决定着白酒的香型和品质。这些组分可以使用气相色谱仪进行很好的分析并定性和定量。为了缩短分析时间,建立了一种快速检测白酒中香味组分的气相色谱法。采用该方法,用20 m×0.1 mm×0.1 μm的熔融石英毛细管柱在12 min之内完成了对白酒中香味组分的分析,分析时间只是传统色谱方法的三分之一。该方法的重现性良好。     

酱香型酒香气成分研究：1.珍酒,茅台酒空杯香分离及官能色谱探索

本文系统地研究了酱香型酒主体香的分离方法，摸索出“溶剂萃取－自然挥发－溶解”的酱香型酒空杯香的分离方法，首次从珍酒、茅台酒中分离出典型的空杯香。用在线色谱闻香系统研究了酱香型酒空杯香的化学成分，同时进行色谱测定及嗅闻。结果表明，空杯香是多种成分构成的复合香。     

酱香型酒香气成分研究：2.珍酒,茅台酒空杯香成分的GC／MS分析

用色质联用（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）法测定酱香型酒空杯香的化学成分，鉴定出１３种化合物，并测定了它们的相对含量，其中以十六酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯为主。     

渣油窄馏分的加氢转化特性

利用超临界流体萃取分馏装置，获得了大港常压渣油，沙特阿拉伯轻质原油和中质原油的减压渣油的窄馏分，并分析了ＳＦＥＦ窄馏分的性质。在１００ｍｌ的高压反应釜内，利用破碎的工业Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３加氢裂化催化剂，在氢初压８．５ＭＰａ，反应温度４００℃，反应时间２４０ｍｉｎ的条件下，研究了渣油窄馏分的催化加氢转化特性及春变化规律。结果表明，随ＳＦＥＦ馏分变量，其脱硫和脱氮效果明显变差，裂化反应生成汽油，柴     

Investigating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography conditions to optimize the separation of oxygenated compounds in a direct coal liquefaction middle distillate

Considering the global energetic context, diversifying fuels is of growing importance and many new alternatives are promising. Coal liquefaction products definitely appear among the new generation substitutes. These product's characteristics are very far from fuel specifications as they are mainly composed of naphthenes, aromatics, polycondensed naphthenic and aromatic structures and heteroatomic compounds (nitrogen and oxygen), with a very low paraffin content. Identification and quantification of oxygen-containing species in coal-derived liquids are of considerable importance to understand their behaviors in further processing. However, these species have not been characterized as fully as the predominant hydrocarbon components. Literature shows that these compounds consist mainly in alkylated phenolic and furanic structures. Therefore, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has been investigated to provide enhanced molecular characterization of these complex samples. Several different configurations involving innovative column configurations were tested. Each of them was optimized by testing different column lengths, modulation periods, and oven conditions. A comparison of the contribution of each column configuration was carried out regarding four main criteria: individual separation of oxygenates, group type separation, resolution, and space occupation. One of them enabled an outstanding separation of paraffins, naphthenes, monoaromatics, diaromatics and targeted O-compounds in a direct coal liquefaction product. It was therefore subjected to further experimentations using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to validate the identification and unravel more than fifty oxygenated molecular structures. A group-type quantification was also established for four column arrangements and gives the distribution of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics. It can be concluded from this study that a non-orthogonal arrangement involving a highly polar column in the first dimension was the most adapted one.