淀粉改性SiO2载体的预处理温度 对其负载的铜基催化剂甲醇转化性能的影响

以淀粉为改性剂制备了淀粉改性的SiO₂载体(SSi),经不同温度(T)焙烧处理后再负载活性铜组分(10%,质量分数),获得一系列铜基催化剂(Cu/SSi-T);采用TG、FT-IR、XRD、H₂-TPR、SEM和氮气吸附等技术对载体和催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其对甲醇低温转化反应催化性能。结果显示,淀粉的存在可以减缓载体表面硅羟基的脱除速度;载体表面硅羟基有利于铜物种的分散,从而提高催化剂的活性。不同预处理温度能调变载体表面硅羟基浓度、比表面积和孔结构,并对催化剂上铜物种的晶粒大小及其催化性能有显著的影响。     

(CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3)-(La_2O_3-Al_2O_3)复合氧化物负载的Pd密偶催化剂:载体焙烧温度的影响

采用同时共沉淀法制备了(CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3)-(La2O3-Al2O3)新型复合氧化物(CZA-LA),考察了焙烧温度对CZA-LA负载的Pd密偶催化剂的影响,并采用N2吸附-脱附法和X射线衍射对其进行了表征.结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,尽管CZA-LA样品的比表面积降低,但即使在1000°C焙烧5h后,其比表面积仍能保持在122m2/g左右;另外,CZA-LA样品的孔体积降低幅度不大,当在700℃及更高温度下焙烧后基本上保持稳定.以不同温度焙烧5h后的样品为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列整体式Pd/CZA-LA密偶催化剂(Pd含量2.0g/L).催化剂对消除模拟汽油车尾气中C3H8活性测试结果表明,各新鲜催化剂的活性相差不大,均具有较低的起燃温度T50和完全转化温度T90.当催化剂经老化处理后,以1000°C焙烧的载体负载的Pd催化剂活性最高,T50和T90分别为310和341℃,ΔT仅为31℃,仅比新鲜催化剂的高7℃.可见,该催化剂表现出优异的催化活性和抗老化性能,可以满足欧Ⅳ及更高标准的用于汽油车尾气净化的密偶催化剂的性能要求.     

Structural and optical properties of CdO nanowires synthesized from Cd(OH)2 precursors by calcination

CdO nanowires were produced by calcination process using Cd(OH)₂nanowires as precursors. The Cd(OH)₂ nanowires were synthesized via arc discharge method submerged in de‐ionized water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the as‐synthesized Cd(OH)₂ nanowires revealed that nanowire morphology was abundant form with the diameters range from 5 to 40 nm. In addition to the nanowire morphology, Cd(OH)₂ nanospheres and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles were also displayed. The Cd(OH)₂ nanostructures were used as precursors to produce CdO nanowires and calcinated in air at 400 °C for four hours. After calcination, the structural, morphological and optical properties of the as‐synthesized CdO nanowires were characterized by means of TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The XRD and SAED techniques showed that the as‐synthesized Cd(OH)₂ nanostructures could be transformed into CdO nanostructures after the calcination process. TEM results revealed that the as‐synthesized CdO nanowires were 5–30 nm in diameter and shorter than corresponding Cd(OH)₂ nanowires. In addition, the diameters of the spherical or irregular CdO nanoparticles ranged from 20 nm to 50 nm. UV‐vis spectroscopy analysis was showed that the direct gap of the CdO nanowires were found to be 2.60 eV which is slightly higher than the earlier reported values of the bulk CdO for direct band gaps (2.3 eV) due to quantum size effect. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

CO oxidation over Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts: Effects of porous structure of silica and catalyst calcination temperature

The catalytic performances of Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation for CO oxidation were investigated using three kinds of silica as carriers with different pore sizes of 7.7, 14.0 and 27.0 nm. The effects of calcination temperature on the catalyst surface and micro structure properties as well as catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon monoxide were also studied. All catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, FTIR, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. It was found that the properties and crystal size of cobalt-containing species strongly depended on the pore size of silica carrier. While the silica pore size increased from 7.7 to 27.0 nm, the Co3O4 crystal size increased from 8.5 to 13.5 nm. Moreover, it was demonstrated that if the spinel crystal structure of Co3O4 was obtained at a calcination temperature as low as 150 ℃, the catalyst sample would have a high Co3O4 surface dispersion and a increase of surface active species, and thus exhibit a high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide.     

Synthesis of CuO/SBA-15 adsorbents for SOx removal applications,using different impregnation methods

In this paper, SBA-15 mesoporous silica based adsorbents were synthesized for the desulfurization of flue gas streams, by several methods (wet impregnation, incipient wetness impregnation and ion exchange). The influence of the drying and calcination conditions on the porous texture and the dispersion of the active phase (CuO), as well as the efficiency of the adsorbents for SO_x trapping, were studied. Depending on the synthesis conditions, copper species are present as large CuO particles (1 μm) and/or as homogeneously dispersed species, undetectable by XRD/TEM. The SO_x adsorption efficiency seems to be closely related to the undetected copper species.     

Preparation of disk‐like Pt/CeO2‐p‐TiO2 catalyst derived from MIL‐125(Ti) for excellent catalytic performance

A feasible strategy is reported for the synthesis of a disk‐like Pt/CeO₂‐p‐TiO₂ catalyst derived from the titanium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐125(Ti) through a few valid steps. To verify the successful synthesis and structural features of the Pt/CeO₂‐p‐TiO₂ catalyst, as‐prepared samples were characterized using several techniques. The characterizations demonstrated that MOF‐derived porous TiO₂ was appropriate for application as a support owing to its moderate surface area (101 m² g^?1) and suitable pore size (6 nm). Moreover, to study the effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic performance, the obtained catalyst was calcined at various temperatures. It was found that Pt/CeO₂‐p‐TiO₂ calcined at 550 °C exhibited the highest catalytic performance, evaluated by means of the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol monitored by UV–visible spectra. Furthermore, this catalyst showed good reusability with a conversion of 94% even after six cycles. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol over the Pt/CeO₂‐p‐TiO₂ catalyst.     

SGCS-made ultrafine CaO/Al_2O_3 sorbent for cyclic CO_2 capture

Multi-cyclic CaO carbonation/calcination is an attractive method for CO₂ capture during coal combustion.However,the capture capacity of CaO sharply decreases with increasing carbonation/calcination cycles.In order to improve the stability of CO₂ capture capacity of CaO during carbonation/calcination cycles,synthetic CaO/Al₂O₃ sorbents were synthesized by two methods:wet chemistry and sol-gel-combustion-synthesis（SGCS） to make a further comparison.The results indicate that the SGCS-made CaO/ Al₂O₃ = 80:20 wt%sorbent provides a competitive performance of a capture capacity of 0.43 g-CO₂/g-sorbent after 20 cycles.     

天然模板辅助水/醇溶胶浸渍-煅烧法合成纳米SnO2

选择孔道丰富的竹炭、锯末、脱脂棉和滤纸等作为天然模板,结合水/醇溶胶浸渍-煅烧法成功地制备了纳米SnO2;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)分析了所制备的纳米材料的晶型、形貌、粒径.结果表明,纳米SnO2产物呈球形,具有四方相金红石型结构,平均粒径在10～25 nm范围内;其粒径大小与模板类型和溶胶体系有关...     

碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯的研究—焙烧温度对MoO3催化剂性能的影响

用焙烧法制备了碳酸二甲酯（DMC）与乙酸苯酯（PA）酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯（DPC）反应的正交晶系MoO3催化剂,并用N2吸附-脱附法（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等表征手段,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂结构和催化性能的影响．结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积逐渐减小,正交晶系MoO3的（11...     

前驱粉末对（Bi，Pb）-2223／Ag超导带材临界电流密度的影响

采用双相粉工艺即分别制备出2212粉末和（Ca2CuO3＋CuO）粉末，将它们分别热处理后，按照2223比例混合均匀，分别在四个不同温度下（800℃，815℃，830℃，845℃）进行了10h的烧结，并采用PIT技术制备出37芯超导带材．通过X射线衍射、SEM观察和临界电流的测试，分析了粉末不同烧结温度对（Bi，Pb）-2223／Ag超导带材临界电流密度的影响．结果表明：采用不同的前驱粉末制备的带材具有不同的临界电流密度，最佳的前驱粉末最终烧结温度是830℃左右．