全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3869篇 |
免费 | 278篇 |
国内免费 | 439篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1760篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 611篇 |
综合类 | 113篇 |
数学 | 1471篇 |
物理学 | 620篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 39篇 |
2022年 | 66篇 |
2021年 | 79篇 |
2020年 | 96篇 |
2019年 | 68篇 |
2018年 | 69篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 131篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 177篇 |
2013年 | 227篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 200篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 226篇 |
2008年 | 259篇 |
2007年 | 262篇 |
2006年 | 228篇 |
2005年 | 233篇 |
2004年 | 197篇 |
2003年 | 162篇 |
2002年 | 168篇 |
2001年 | 124篇 |
2000年 | 134篇 |
1999年 | 128篇 |
1998年 | 115篇 |
1997年 | 88篇 |
1996年 | 86篇 |
1995年 | 73篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 52篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4586条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
改进黏度在线凝胶色谱的测定结果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
郭明海 《分析测试技术与仪器》2003,9(4):240-243
黏度在线凝胶色谱是一种同时配备浓度和黏度检测器的凝胶色谱,由于其测定过程简单直接,被越来越多地广泛采用,但因为数据处理方式和仪器精度的问题,其数均分子量、重均分子量与分散度结果存在较大误差.实验表明,选择适当的谱峰叠加处理、改进普适校正曲线精度、调整标样进样方式以及选择合适的积分点等手段可以明显改善存在的问题,从而大幅度地提高数均分子量、重均分子量与分散度的结果准确性。 相似文献
82.
Lijun Kong 《European Polymer Journal》2006,42(12):3171-3179
In order to increase the biocompatibility and bioactivity of chitosan, hydroxyapatite had been in situ combined into chitosan scaffolds. The bioactivity of the composite scaffolds was studied by examining the apatite formed on the scaffolds by incubating in simulated body fluid and the activity of preosteoblasts cultured on them. The apatite layer was assessed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and weight measurement. Composite analysis showed that after incubation in simulated body fluid on both of the scaffolds carbonate hydroxyapatite was formed. With increasing nano-hydroxyapatite content in the composite, the quantity of the apatite formed on the scaffolds increased. Compared with pure chitosan, the composite with nano-hydroxyapatite could form apatite more readily during the biomimetic process, which suggests that the composite possessed better mineralization activity. Furthermore, preosteoblast cells cultured on the apatite-coated scaffolds showed different behavior. On the apatite-coated composite scaffolds cells presented better proliferation than on apatite-coated chitosan scaffolds. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activities of cells cultured on the scaffolds in conditioned medium were assessed. The cells on composite scaffolds showed a higher alkaline phosphatase activity which suggested a higher differentiation level. The results indicated that the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite improved the bioactivity of chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds. On the other hand, that is to say composition of substrates could affect the apatite formation on them, and pre-loaded hydroxyapatite can enhance the apatite-coating. It will also be significant in preparation of apatite-coating polymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. 相似文献
83.
R. Dustan Myrex Gary M. Gray Young-Jin Wright Prakash C. Bharara Keith E. Branham 《European Polymer Journal》2003,39(6):1105-1115
Polymeric phosphonate esters are an interesting class of organophosphorus polymers because both the polymer backbone and phosphorus substituents can be modified. These polymers have been prepared by ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic phosphites, stoichiometric polycondensations of dimethyl phosphonate with diols in conjunction with diazomethane treatment and by transesterification of polyphosphonate oligomers. Our initial attempts to prepare high molecular weight polymeric phosphonate esters by the transesterification methods were unsuccessful. Results indicate that the reactions of dimethyl phosphonate with diols to form polyphosphonate oligomers with only methyl phosphonate end groups are plagued by a serious side reaction that forms phosphonic acid end groups. These end groups do not participate in the transesterification reaction and limit the molecular weights of the polymers that can be obtained. The phosphonic acid end groups can be converted into reactive methyl phosphonate end groups by treatment with diazomethane, however diazomethane is explosive and the polymerization is slow. An alternative route for the production of high molecular weight polymers is the transesterification of the 1,12-bis(methyl phosphonato)dodecane, formed by the reaction of excess dimethyl phosphonate and 1,12-dodecanediol, with a Na2CO3 promoter. This allows polymers with molecular weights of up to 4.5×104 to be prepared, and no phosphonic acid end groups are observed in these polymers. Thermal analyses of the poly(1,12-dodecamethylene phosphonate) have shown that this polymer has reasonable thermal stability (onset of thermal decomposition at 273 °C). This polymer also undergoes a cold crystallization process at 15 °C similar to that which has been observed in some polyesters, polyamides and elastomers. 相似文献
84.
A. V. Orlinkov T. V. Chulochnikova A. I. Nesmelov V. B. Murachev E. A. Ezhova A. M. Evtushenko 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1996,45(5):1124-1127
The effects of the nature of halogens in the initiatingtert-butyl halide-aluminum-containing Lewis acid system on the number average molecular weightM
n
and the structure of end groups of polyisobutylene macromolecules obtained in the cationic polymerization of isobutylene in hexane at -78 °C were studied. An increase inM
n
is observed in the transition from chlorine to bromine and iodine, accompanied by a decrease in the fraction of end C=C groups and an increase in the relative content of C-Hal groups (Hal = Cl, Br, and I). When atoms of different halogens are present in the counterion, more bulky atoms preferentially participate in the formation of the end groups. The results are interpreted within the framework of the principle of hard and soft acids and bases.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1184–1187, May, 1996. 相似文献
85.
86.
QIAN Baogong 《高分子科学》1988,(2):97-116
For the mechanism of isothermal bulk crystallization of high polymers, beside the nucleation and growth steps, the unimpingement of growing crystal aggregates should be taken into account for the modification of the Avrami equation. Starting from Poisson distribution function of growing crystal aggregates, the probability of the unimpinging ones should be P(0)+P(1), then the Q-modified Avrami equation thus derived can be expressed aswhere V0 represents the volume fraction of crystal aggregates at crystallization time t at a given temperature, while the exponent n on t relates to the mode of nucleation and growth, and K_q is the corresponding shape factor. This Q-modified one is verified satisfactory by the isothermal bulk crystallization of lanthanidecatalytically polymerized polybutadiene (Ln-PB), polyisoprene (Ln-PIR) and their copolymers (LnPB/IR). Furthermore, the proposed mechanism is well identified by the change of morphological state during the course of crystallization of the corresponding east film of Ln-PB TR (92/8) at-60°(Fig. 1).Upon examination of the influence of the number of entanglement on crystallization rate, it reveals the existence of two stages of entanglementation, the primary and the secondary ones (Fig. 19)The equation for dependence of molecular weight and entanglement on bulk crystallization rate has been derived as Eq. 13 or 18 for Ln-PB, and verified by the experimental rate data of well fractionated Ln-PB samples crystallized at -9.1 to -15℃(Fig.20). 相似文献
87.
低分子量壳聚糖的Sm3+配合物的合成和表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
壳聚糖经双氧水降解制得低分子量壳聚糖,低分子量壳聚糖与Sm3 反应制得配合物。分别用红外、紫外、荧光等测试手段对低分子量壳聚糖及其与Sm3 形成的配合物的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,低分子量壳聚糖与Sm3 发生了螯合作用,形成了较稳定的配合物。 相似文献
88.
A novel cross-linking process using two high molecular weight aromatic poly(thioether)s,which were synthesized by the reactions of 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol with 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone and 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone,respectively, and commercially available lower molecular weight poly(p-phenylene sulfide)was investigated.These reactions were carried out in bulk by the addition of silver tetrafluroborate andα,α′-dibromo-p-xylene at 190℃over a period of 45 min. Furthermore,the same procedure could be modified to cross-link compression-molded films of these three polymers.The thermal and solubility behaviors of these polymers before and after cross-linking reactions,are presented. 相似文献
89.
Ze-yong Zhao Wei-wei yao Rong-ni Du Qin Zhang Qiang Fu
Ze-hao Qiu Su-lan Yuan
《高分子科学》1996,(1):137-143
Ze-hao Qiu Su-lan Yuan
《高分子科学》1996,(1):137-143
A series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with varied molecular weights (Mw = 3 61620; 106, 1 61620; 106 and 0.5 61620; 106) were melt blended with PP to investigate the effect of PDMS molecular weight (MW) on the morphology and mechanical properties of PP/PDMS blends. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination showed that the size of PDMS domains was dependent on the MW of PDMS. It was found that the lower the value of PDMS MW, the better dispersion of the PDMS domains in the PP matrix. Tensile and Izod impact tests revealed that the addition of PDMS with lower MW would lead to a more significant increase in impact strength of the blends compared with the blends with higher MW ones, while the influence of the molecular weight on tensile strengths of the blends was relatively small in the MW range studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results also showed that the crystallization temperature of PP was increased with decreasing PDMS MW, indicating a better nucleation capability of lower MW of PDMS. Melting flow rate (MFR) measurements indicated that the processibility of PP could be enhanced by adding PDMS, and again the lower MW PDMS resulted in better data. Our work demonstrates that not only the processibility but also the mechanical properties of PP could be enhanced to a more significant degree by using low MW PDMS than the higher ones. 相似文献
90.