高校实验室危险化学品采购管理体系的建设与实践

由于高校实验室危险化学品重大事故时有发生,对危险化学品的管理已成为高校实验室安全管理的重要问题。本文以郑州大学为例,从危险化学品的采购、存储、配送、使用、危废收集全过程,梳理和分析实验室危险化学品管理存在的问题,针对危险化学品的安全管理体系建设进行了探索,介绍了危险化学品采购管理一体化平台的建设思路和具体措施,有效实现了危险化学品全生命周期管理,保障学校教学科研安全运行。     

高校化学教学实验室小型试剂库改造

目前高校化学教学实验室小型试剂库(暂存库)存在较多安全隐患,但一般体量较小,容易被相关管理者忽视,可能会造成实验室安全事故的发生。本文结合国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学)化学实验教学实验室的实际情况,阐述了化学教学实验室小型试剂库改造的实践经验,为其他高校实验室试剂库的改造提供符合法律法规和国家标准要求的、适应面广、操作性强的可借鉴经验。     

基于MEMS技术的移动危化品远程监测系统设计

目前危化品运输监测体系不够完善,同时事故的预防和处理对人力依赖过度,监测效果不尽如人意。为了最大程度上减轻危化品泄露事故危害,设计了一种基于无线通讯和卫星通讯系统的移动危化品远程监测系统。利用车体不同位置安放的各种MEMS传感器及时地获取运输信息(如气体泄漏情况、速度、加速度、温度、湿度及倾角等),采用ZigBee技术传输至移动端中央处理器,并通过GSM向监控端进行反馈,从而对监测到的异常情况做出迅速反应。经过实际测试,测试结果满足精度要求,有效的解决了移动危化品的在线监测和定位。     

Multiresidue screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples by multi-stir bar sorptive extraction–single desorption–capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method for screening endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples is presented. Four 10-mL aliquots of water were taken for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and they were treated in the following way. In sample one, in situ derivatization was performed with acetic acid anhydride to improve the extraction efficiencies and chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds. For the same reasons, aliquot two was treated with ethyl chloroformate to improve amine and acid extraction and analysis, and aliquot three with tetraethylborate to enhance organotin compound extraction and analysis. Methanol was added to sample four to stop adsorption of apolar solutes on the wall. After SBSE, the four stir bars, together with a plug of glass wool impregnated with bis(trimethylylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) to derivatize hydroxyl functionalities, were introduced into the same thermal desorption tube, heat-desorbed, and analyzed simultaneously by capillary GC/MS. The figures of merit of the method were evaluated with an EDC model mixture. In scan-mode MS, the limits of detection (LODs) were in the range 1–500 ng/L, while the LODs dropped by a factor of 50–100 when ion monitoring MS was applied to the targets. The performance of the method was illustrated by analysing some real-world water samples.     

Identification of certain chemical agents in complex organic solutions by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Analytical methods that are used for the detection and identification of chemicals related to the Chemical Weapons Convention in complex organic solutions were developed. A matrix modified by the addition of complex diesel oil background compounds and interferences was used for the development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS or GC-MS/MS) method for unambiguous identification of the scheduled chemicals. Co-elution of diethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidate and ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, which are not separated by GC, was identified by GC-MS. Although GC-MS can identify the compounds, GC-MS/MS identification has greater accuracy and sensitivity in the case of complex matrixes. Four scheduled chemicals were accurately and selectively identified against numerous interfering substances by GC-MS/MS. The fragmentation chemistry of these compounds using MS/MS analysis was investigated.     

生物质利用新途径:多元醇催化合成可再生燃料和化学品

日益严重的全球性能源和环境问题促使开发利用可再生的生物质资源成为当前研究的一个热点.本文概述了生物质基多元醇合成燃料和化学品来实现生物质转化利用的一些最新进展,特别是集中介绍了甘油和山梨醇等多元醇催化水相重整合成氢气和液体烃等燃料、催化选择氢解和氧化合成高附加值化学品或化学中间体等方面的进展,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施以及今后的发展趋势,指出生物质基多元醇将成为今后合成可再生燃料和化学品的新型平台分子.     

Comparison of different reactive organophosphorus flame retardant agents for cotton. Part II: Fabric flame resistant performance and physical properties

N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is one of the most commonly used durable flame retardant agents for cotton. In our previous research, we developed a new flame retardant finishing system based on a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and bonding agents, such as dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and trimethylolmelamine (TMM). In this research, we compared the flame resistant performance as well as physical properties of the cotton fabric treated with these two flame retardant finishing systems. The cotton fabric treated with MDPA/TMM has a higher initial limiting oxygen index (LOI) than that of the fabric treated with HFPO/TMM due to higher nitrogen content in the system. The LOI of the cotton fabric treated with the HFPO and MDPA systems becomes identical when the treated fabric contains equal amount of phosphorus and nitrogen. The MDPA/TMM shows higher laundering durability on cotton than HFPO/TMM system. The fabric treated with HFPO/TMM and MDPA/TMM has low wrinkle resistance and low strength loss whereas the fabric stiffness significantly increases when the TMM concentration is increased.     

HPLC-NMR在化学品检测中的应用前景

简要介绍高效液相色谱-核磁共振(HPLC-NMR)联用技术。综述了目前HPLC-NMR联用技术在药物代谢研究,天然产物分析以及食品分析等方面的应用。展望了HPLC-NMR在化学品分类鉴定中的应用前景。     

Photodegradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals by ZnO Nanorod Arrays

ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) were synthesized via magnetron sputtering and a low temperature aqueous solution growth in a short period time. The morphology and crystal structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO NRAs were applied to conduct photo degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and bisphenol A (BPA). The results indicate that ZnO NRAs exhibited different performances in dealing with various EDCs but do not have selectivity for a multicomponent mixture.