Construction of fiber-optic bundle light-collection systems and calculations of collection efficiency

This paper describes the position-sensitive light-collection system that we use in our fast-beam laser experiments. The collection system consists of fiber-optic bundles whose facets are arranged to accept light emitted from a beam of fluorescent atoms. The flexibility of the fiber bundles allows their use in scanning collection systems with precise position sensitivity. We describe calculations of geometrical collection efficiency using a numerical integration scheme and compare the results with measurements. We also compare the collection efficiencies of the different fiber bundle arrangements that we used as our apparatus evolved with the implementation of various improvements.     

监测L\'{e}vy稳定过程均值变点的平均运行时间估计

平均运行长度(时间) (ARL)是判断一控制图监测变点效果好坏的一个重要工具\bd 本文主要研究L\'{e}vy 稳定过程的均值变点监测问题\bd 我们给出了三个控制图, 即EWMA, GEWMA和GLR的ARL 估计, 并通过数值模拟比较了4个控制图监测均值变点的效果和差异.     

Influence of laser intensity in second-harmonic detection with tunable diode laser multi-pass absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy （TDLAS） has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. The ratio of the second-harmonic signal to the intensity of laser beam incident to the multi-pass cell is proved to be proportional to the product of the path length and the gas concentration under any condition. A new calibration method based on this relation in TDLAS system for the measurement of trace gas concentration is proposed for the first time. The detection limit and the sensitivity of the system are below 110 and 31ppbv （parts-per-billion in volume）, respectively.     

Shielding against noise interfering with quantitation of insect infestations by acoustic detection systems in grain elevators

Acoustic devices used to detect hidden insect infestations must be shielded from noise in most practical applications. One device developed specifically for use in a noisy environment, the Acoustic Location ‘Fingerprinting’ Insect Detector (ALFID), counts the numbers of insects present in grain samples from shipments being graded for export at commercial grain elevators. This report considers the performance of ALFID's noise-shielding components, which include an enclosure for passive reduction of ambient noise, and an electronic system for active detection and masking of sounds originating outside the grain sample container. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) of ambient noise are reduced inside the enclosure by 60–90 dB at frequencies between 1 and 10 kHz, with a reduction of ~6.5 dB per octave (frequency doubling). The active noise-masking system protects ALFID from loud ambient sounds not sufficiently attenuated by the enclosure. If the output from one of four sensors mounted on the outside of the grain sample container rises above a preset amplitude threshold, a signal is triggered that inhibits acquisition of insect sound data from sensors inside the container. In tests of the complete ALFID system at a grain elevator with ambient noise of 73 ± W dB re 20 μPa SPL, the mean rate of noise-mask triggering was 5.5 s⁻¹, inhibiting acquisition of insect sounds for only 3.9% of the total testing period. This level of performance is sufficient to enable successful operation of ALFID under such noise conditions.     

离子色谱电导检测法测定酒中的有机酸和无机阴离子

采用淋洗液发生器-抑制电导检测法,同时分离和检测16种无机阴离子和低分子量有机酸,建立了用亲水性阴离子交换分离柱,KOH为淋洗液等浓度泵作梯度淋洗的离子色谱分离方法. 该方法具有良好的重现性、线性关系. 除马来酸外,所有被测离子的检测限都在0.16 mg/L以下. 方法用于测定4种酒样品的分析,结果满意.样品测定的回收率在93.52%到116.08%之间,除富马酸外其它RSD都小于3.8%.     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏光度法测定定影废液中的银

在pH=6.86时,Ag+与二甲酚橙(XO)、表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)发生显色反应,Ag+-XO-CTMAB三元配合物的最大吸收波长为594nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.08×106L/(mol·cm),Ag+含量在0.0～50.0μg/(25mL)内服从比耳定律。将该法用于定影废液中微量Ag+的测定,回收率为96.7%～100.8%。     

Laser Based Techniques for Ultra Trace Isotope Production, Spectroscopy and Detection

A variety of research activities in the field of fundamental and applied nuclear physics has evolved in the last years using resonantly tuned radiation from powerful lasers. The technique of resonance ionization spectroscopy has delivered outstanding results and found broad acceptance in the last years as a particularly efficient and highly selective method for rare and exotic radioisotope studies. It is used for production, spectroscopy and detection of these species and provides complete isobaric, high isotopic and even some isomeric selection, which altogether is needed for on-line investigation of short lived species far off stability as well as for ultra trace determination. Good overall efficiency pushes the experimental limits of detection in elemental trace analysis down to below 10⁶ atoms per sample, and additionally isotopic selectivity as high as 3 × 10¹² has been demonstrated. The widespread potential of resonance ionization techniques is discussed, focusing on the experimental arrangements for applications in selective on-line isotope production, spectroscopy of rare radioisotopes and ultra trace determination of radiotoxic isotopes like ²³⁸Pu to ²⁴⁴Pu, ^135,137Cs, ^89,90Sr or ⁴¹Ca in environmental, technical and biomedical samples.     

多量级多向梯度海空复杂背景红外弱点目标检测

由于红外图像一般带有较大的噪声，采用传统的目标检测方法效果不理想。本文提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波和噪声污染的红外图像弱点目标检测算法。用多个量级梯度对图像目标进行检测，并对检测的结果进行了表决融合。结果表明，基于表决融合的多量级多向梯度检测消除了云层、海浪和海天线等背景干扰，在实现高检测概率的同时，不仅可以达到较低的虚警概率，而且可检测信杂比为1的点目标。     

小波变换软阈值去噪在粗晶材料超声检测中的应用

本研究多尺度小波分析方法在粗晶材料超声检测信号增强中的应用。在分析结构噪声，电噪声和缺陷信号的小波变换特性的基础上，提出一种用一个尺度间变化的门限闭值来抑制噪声的小波变换系数，并以各尺度缺陷信号的能量关系形成权值，加权重构信号来提高信噪比。实验结果表明，该方法具有很好的去噪效果，增强了粗晶材料缺陷的检出率。     

Determination of Phenolic Acids and Flavones in Lonicera japonica Thumb. by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE‐ED) was employed to analyze active ingredients of Lonicera japonica Thumb., an important crude herb frequently used in Chinese medicines. Hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, luteolin and caffeic acid are the major important active ingredients. Operating in a wall‐jet configuration, a 300 μm diameter carbon‐disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +0.90 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode) for four analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were baseline separated within 20 min in a 50 mmol L^?1 borax buffer (pH 8.7). Notably, excellent linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg L^?1 for all the analytes. This method was successfully used in the analysis of Lonicera japonica Thumb. with relative simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.