Green synthesis of nickel oxide particles and its integration into polyurethane scaffold matrix ornamented with groundnut oil for bone tissue engineering

Physiochemical properties of the fabricated scaffolds play a crucial role in influencing the cellular response for the new tissue growth. In this study, electrospun polyurethane (PU) scaffolds incorporated with green synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles and groundnut oil (GO) were fabricated using electrospinning technique. First, synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) was done using leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (PA) via microwave-assisted technique. Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed through Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and size of the particles were in the range of 800–950?nm. Fiber morphology of the fabricated scaffolds was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) which showed decrease in fiber diameter for the fabricated composites compared to the pristine PU. The wettability studies showed an increase in contact angle for developed composites than the pure PU. Thermal analysis depicted an increase in thermal behavior for the PU/GO/NiO compared to the pristine PU. Surface roughness values were obtained through atomic force microscopy (AFM) which showed a decrease in roughness while adding GO and NiO to the PU. Finally, the fabricated composites showed enhanced deposition of calcium content than the pristine PU. These results corroborated that the developed composites have a significant effect on the fiber morphology, wettability, thermal behavior, surface roughness, and mineral deposition depicting its versatility for bone regeneration.     

Determination of the composition of sialoliths composed of carbonate apatite and albumin using artificial neural networks

The determination of the components of the sialoliths is important both from the point of view of chances for a successful medical treatment of the patients and because the prevention of further re-occurrence of sialolithiasis depends upon the knowledge of the nature of the constituents of the concrements. Despite the fact that infrared spectroscopy is widely used for the determination of the composition of sialoliths, urinary calculi and bladder stones, we found no data for any chemometric method developed for such purposes. Here, a method is presented for quantitative determination of the content of salivary calculi composed of albumin and carbonate apatite (one of the most often found constituents in the analyzed calculi from the patients from Macedonia) using artificial neural networks (ANN). The results were checked on real samples using the standard addition method. The precision of the method was estimated using the relative standard deviation, which shows that it is suitable for routine analysis.     

Thermal and structural properties of sodium,potassium and carbonate doped strontium hydroxyfluorapatite

Ion-doping in hydroxyapatite bioceramics has attracted a lot of interest particularly for biomedical applications in repairing and replacing failure parts of musculoskeletal systems. Thus the multiple doping aims to mimic and resemble the chemical composition of the bone mineral component. Herein strontium hydroxyapatites bioceramics containing sodium Na⁺ and potassium K⁺ as cationic substituent and carbonate CO₃^2? and fluoride as anionic substituent were synthesized and characterized by several analysis techniques. Therefore the chemical assays indicated that obtained compounds were less stoichiometric comparably to bone tissues. The X-ray diffraction diagrams and the infrared spectra revealed that pure phases of hydroxyfluorapatite containg the cited ions were obtained. The triple insertion of sodium, potassium and carbonate into the apatite structure leaded to the B-type carbonate apatite. The FE-SEM micrographs of the powders were formed by agglomerates. Moreover, the particles' morphology strongly depends on the ions nature and amount. The D-GTA curves indicated that the heating of the powders from the room temperature to 1000 °C didn't affect the structural and thermal stability of the materials apart from a partial decomposition of the apatite inducing the formation of the β-tristrontium phosphate phase and enhancing the biomaterial character of the materials.     

High-precision determination of 18O/16O ratios of silver phosphate by EA-pyrolysis-IRMS continuous flow technique

A high-precision, and rapid on-line method for oxygen isotope analysis of silver phosphate is presented. The technique uses high-temperature elemental analyzer (EA)-pyrolysis interfaced in continuous flow (CF) mode to an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Calibration curves were generated by synthesizing silver phosphate with a 13 per thousand spread in delta(18)O values. Calibration materials were obtained by reacting dissolved potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)) with water samples of various oxygen isotope compositions at 373 K. Validity of the method was tested by comparing the on-line results with those obtained by classical off-line sample preparation and dual inlet isotope measurement. In addition, silver phosphate precipitates were prepared from a collection of biogenic apatites with known delta(18)O values ranging from 12.8 to 29.9 per thousand (V-SMOW). Reproducibility of +/- 0.2 per thousand was obtained by the EA-Py-CF-IRMS method for sample sizes in the range 400-500 microg. Both natural and synthetic samples are remarkably well correlated with conventional (18)O/(16)O determinations. Silver phosphate is a very stable material and easy to degas and, thus, could be considered as a good candidate to become a reference material for the determination of (18)O/(16)O ratios of phosphate by high-temperature pyrolysis.     

医用钛表面组织结构和形貌特征与表面生物活性的研究

通过物理、化学或者电化学表面改性的方法改变钛表面氧化钛膜的结构、化学成份等可赋予钛金属及其合金生物活性,从而在体内实现材料与硬组织间的生物活性结合。本文探讨钛表面氧化钛膜的结构、化学成份、表面形貌和微观结构对其生物活性的影响。     

Crystal Structure of Calcium-Deficient Carbonated Hydroxyapatite. Thermal Decomposition

Full Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure of the synthetic calcium-deficient carbonated apatite Ca1_3.40[Ca2_5.90 (NH₄)_0.10][(PO₄)_4.95(CO₃)_1.05(H₂O)_0.30][(OH)_1.65(H₂O)_0.45] (space group P6₃/m; a=9.437(1), c=6.888(1) Å; Z=1; R_wp=5.23%) was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction data. The use of the model with the split position of O3 atom made it possible to find two orientations of CO₃ triangles sharing one of their edges. They occupy randomly the adjacent faces of a PO₄ tetrahedron that are parallel to the c axis. O3c atoms coordinating carbon atoms are shifted by 0.37 Å from O3p atoms belonging to PO₄ tetrahedra. The charge unbalance occurring when [CO₃]²⁻ ions replace [PO₄]³⁻ groups is primarily compensated by vacancies in Ca1 sites. The studies of the sample thermal decomposition performed by simultaneous thermal analysis and by X-ray diffraction helped to analyze the localization and the amount of lattice water that enhanced the reliability of the structural model.     

聚丙烯酸钠对钛表面仿生生长磷灰石涂层的调制

1　前言羟基磷灰石 (Ｃａ10 (ＯＨ) 2 (ＰＯ4 ) 6,ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｐａｔｉｔｅ ,ＨＡ)作为人体硬组织的主要无机成分具有良好的生物活性。钛表面等离子喷涂ＨＡ综合了钛的力学性能和ＨＡ的生物活性 ,得到了广泛应用[1] 。但喷涂技术具有视线效应的缺点 ,同时涂层与基体界面的长期可靠性也是广泛关注的问题。为此发展的各种涂层方法中仿生化学法制备磷灰石涂层是极为活跃的前沿领域[2 ] 之一。仿生法基于异相成核原理[3 ] :将基体预先功能化后浸入磷酸钙过饱和溶液 ,在溶液过饱和度低于均相沉淀的条件下在基体表面发生磷灰石异相成核并自发…     

First principle investigation of the thermomechanical properties of type A carbonated apatite

Calcium apatites with the general chemical formula (Ca, X)₁₀(PO₄, Y)₆Z₂ represent a mineral family of utmost importance in several fields, for example, bone biology, biomaterials, and mineralogy. However, few works have focused on the mechanical properties of these phases, and in particular, no data are available on the thermomechanical and thermodynamic properties of carbonate-bearing (hydroxyl)apatites. In the present work, the equation of state of type A carbonated apatite (CAp, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆CO₃, space group P1) was calculated by ab initio quantum mechanical methods within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Starting from athermal results (at 0 K), the combined effect of temperature and pressure was investigated through the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA). In athermal conditions, the equation of state of the CAp unit cell volume can be described by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan formulation, with parameters V₀ = 538.14(5) ų, K₀ = 106.2(7) GPa, and K′ = 4.6(4). The QHA well described the temperature and pressure dependence of the thermodynamics and mechanical properties of the mineral. For instance, the bulk modulus at 0 GPa and ambient temperature (300 K) is K _T0 = 102.95 GPa, which is lower than that of stoichiometric apatite by about 6%. The unit cell thermal expansion coefficient between 0 and 600 K was also calculated and reported. The results are in line with the few available experimental data reported in literature on type AB carbonated hydroxylapatite. The reported findings further extend the knowledge of the mechanical and thermal behaviors of this important mineral found in biological environments, results that are useful for biotechnological and other applications of the (C)OHAp phases.     

A High-Pressure Praseodymium Fluoride Borate Linking Multiple Structural Features of Apatite-Type Compounds

Pr₅(BO₄)_3−x(BO₃)_x(F,OH)_2.67O_0.28 (x≈1.6), a boron-containing fluoride-oxoapatite-like compound, was obtained by the application of high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis. It exhibits a superstructure of the apatite type with a tripled c lattice parameter (space group P6₃/m) and shows complex anion disorder along the 6₃ screw axis and occupation of distorted octahedra, as well as almost trigonal planar sites, by oxygen and fluorine atoms. Furthermore, a distinct BO₄/(BO₃+F) group disorder is found; 46 % of the sites being occupied by BO₄ groups and 54 % by BO₃ groups, with a fluoride ion located near the missing oxygen atom. The rare earth cations in the 4f sites exhibit a specific distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination with a mean metaprism twist angle of 21.3°. The crystal structure of Pr₅(BO₄)_3−x(BO₃)_x(F,OH)_2.67O_0.28 (x≈1.6) shows much “flexibility” resulting in split and off-site positions of all other rare earth cations. The title compound therefore combines many structural features of apatite-like compounds, for example biologically highly-important carbonated apatites, shedding more light onto the complex structural chemistry of apatites.     

Composition and morphological characteristics of sialoliths

Sialolithiasis refers to pathological minerilazation in the salivary glands and ducts. Aiming to a better understanding of the formation phenomena, structural and morphological analysis of a relatively large ensemble of sialoliths extracted from 22 patients via sielendoscopy was performed. Characterization methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), showed that the large majority of 90% of sialoliths were composed of carbonate apatite as the inorganic phase, while SEM imaging revealed the presence of bacteria in 13 cases. Furthermore, carbonate apatite crystals in the form of parallel or randomly oriented sheets were observed and in some cases rhombohedral calcite‐type nanocrystals were detected. The present findings may contribute to a better understanding of the formation mechanisms in vivo and and contribute to the treatment of sialolithiasis.