熔融法同时测定催化裂化催化剂中5种稀土氧化物的含量

主要探讨了X射线荧光光谱熔融制样方法测定催化裂化催化剂中分量稀土氧化物的方法.实验建立了相应的工作曲线,并对其精密度和准确度作了考察.熔融制样方法测定不受样品自身物理结构的影响,可以快速准确的测定试样中分量稀土的含量.     

纳米流体研究的新动向

纳米流体近年来成为多个领域内的研究热点,特别是在流体物性测试、机理分析及新的应用上均取得长足进展.文章以该方向上最新完成的几类富有启发性的工作,如纳米流体热管、基于纳米液滴的纳米流体、纳米金属流体及借助于纳米颗粒控制纳米流体流动等进展予以剖析,归纳出了其中有待解决的一些重要科学问题,并指出一些可能的新应用.     

发展固态量子信息与计算的实验研究

量子计算与量子信息是21世纪基础和应用科学研究的一大挑战. 要实现实用意义上的量子信息和量子计算,必须解决量子比特系统的可拓展性问题.基于现代半导体技术的固态量子系统,其应用和最终产业化的可行性较高. 然而,固态量子体系受周边环境的影响比较严重,控制其退相干,维持其量子状态的难度更高.实验固态量子计算的研究是个新的领域,尚无实用的技术和方法. 文章介绍了中国科学院物理研究所固态量子信息和计算实验室近几年来新开辟的自旋、 冷原子、 量子点(包括原子空位)、功能氧化物和关联体系等固态量子信息的新载体和同量子计算与量子信息相关的科学与技术难题的实验研究.     

非碳纳米管研究的新进展

文章系统地论述了非碳纳米管的制备,较详尽地介绍了多种非碳纳米管制备最新的进展,包括硫化物、氮化物、氧化物等等,特别重点地总结了非碳纳米管前沿材料,例如WS2,Bi2S3,ZnS,GaN,BN,AlN,InP,Eu2O3,V2O3等.最后对非碳纳米管的研究趋势作了展望.     

纳米碳管与刚性壁的正碰撞

用分子动力学方法模拟纳米碳管与刚性壁的正碰撞过程,并与弹性动力学方法的结果进行对比在分子动力学模拟中,采用Tersoff-Brenner势描述碳管的原子间相互作用,用6~12形式的Lennard-Jones势描述碳管与刚性壁间相互作用结果表明,两种方法所得到的应力波传播速度吻合较好与弹性动力学分析结果不同的是,在发生屈曲以前,纳米碳管与刚性壁的接触时间不仅与纳米碳管的长度近似成线性关系,还与管径及碰撞初速度有关.碰撞过程中,纳米碳管端部应力并非定值,但其平均值与弹性动力学计算结果相差不大.     

两种方法制备LuAG粉体的研究

分别采用氧化镥与氧化铝混合煅烧法以及氯化镥与铝酸钠液相混合沉淀法制备LuAG粉体.通过分析SEM与XRD的结果发现,固相法制备出的粉体颗粒尺寸较粗大,有较尖锐的棱角,团聚现象严重且不易分散,在1200℃煅烧后仍有大量氧化铝与氧化镥的原料残余,只有少量原料发生固相反应生成镥铝石榴石相.而采用液相沉淀法制备出的粉体颗粒较光滑,团聚后的粉体也易于分散,在经1200℃煅烧后基本上全部转化为LuAG.     

Aromatic Aza-Claisen Rearrangement of Arylpropargylammonium Salts Generated in situ from Arynes and Tertiary Propargylamines

The charge-accelerated aza-Claisen rearrangement of ammonium salts serves as a key step in the construction of complex nitrogen-containing molecules. However, much less attention has been paid to the aromatic aza-Claisen rearrangement than to the aliphatic one. Herein, we report an unprecedented aromatic aza-Claisen rearrangement of arylpropargylammonium salts, generated in situ from arynes and tertiary propargylamines, delivering structurally diverse 2-propargylanilines in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity. This rearrangement proceeds in the absence of strong bases or transition metals, is compatible with moisture and air, tolerates a wide variety of functional groups, and is amenable to forming 11- to 13-membered heterocycles with a triple bond. The 2-propargylaniline products were treated with aluminum chloride in ethanol to afford multisubstituted indoles in moderate to excellent yields. Finally, a series of deuterium-labeling experiments was performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.     

Porous Tungsten Oxide: Recent Advances in Design,Synthesis, and Applications

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) has received ever more attention and has been highly researched over the last decade due to its being a low-cost transition metal semiconductor with tunable, yet widely stable, band gaps. This minireview briefly highlights the challenges in the design and synthesis of porous WO₃ including methods, precursors, solvent effects, crystal phases, and surface activities of the porous WO₃ base material. These topics are explored while also drawing a connection of how the morphology and crystal phase affect the band gap. The shifts in band gap not only impact the optical properties of tungsten but also allow tuning to operate on different energy levels, which makes WO₃ highly desirable in many applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, catalysts, sensors, smart windows, and bioapplications.     

Photoswitchable Composite Polymer Electrolytes Using Spiropyran-Immobilized Nanoporous Templates

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with smart, stimuli-responsive characteristics have gained considerable attention owing to their noninvasive manipulation and applications in future technologies. To address this potential, in this work, we demonstrate photoresponsive composite polymer electrolytes, consisting of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and spiropyran-immobilized nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (SP-AAO) templates. Under UV irradiation, the close SP form isomerizes to the open merocyanine (MC) form, creating extremely polarized AAO surfaces; whereas, under visible light irradiation, the MC form reverts to the SP form, creating neutral surface conditions. The electrostatic interactions between ions and AAO surfaces are investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the behavior of ionic conductivity of the GPE@SP-AAO is found to be consistent with the kinetics of isomerization tracked by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This work provides a promising platform for developing next-generation photoelectronic smart devices.     

Multiple Regulation Effects of Ammonium Acetate on ZnO Growth Process in Chemical Bath Deposition

Chemical bath deposition method has been used to synthesize a variety of ZnO morphology structures. However, the specificity and interaction of acetate and ammonium ions with ZnO crystal during the growth process remain elusive. This study contributes to understand the roles of ammonium acetate on the growth mechanism of ZnO in Zn(NO₃)₂-HMTA system. The growth process indicates that the nucleation experienced Zn²⁺-layered basic zinc salts (LBZs)-ZnO process, while the self-assembled unit changed from urchin-shaped, rod-shaped to a fully coupled twin-shaped structure with increasing ammonium acetate concentration. Ammonium acetate dominates the growth process by combing the ligand-ligand interaction of acetate ions binding to the same Zn-rich (0001) polar surface and ammonium ions regulating hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) hydrolysis. Relatively regular hexagonal wurtzite structure and a dissolve-renucleation-regrowth process which retains the twin-shaped template and renucleates at the same position are observed at ∼10 mM ammonium acetate. Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) measurements show that the uniform hexagonal ZnO rods (Y-10, the sample named as Y-x (x represents x mM ammonium acetate, herein, x is 10 mM)) have a maximum photocurrent density of 1.54 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), much higher than that of the dumbbell-shaped ZnO rods (Y-50, 0.20 mA cm⁻²) at the same voltage. These results provide a further explanation of morphology regulation mechanisms on ZnO synthesis processes and pave the road for more practical applications.