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61.
A novel strategy for the fabrication of microcapsules is elaborated by employing biomacromolecules and a dissolvable template. Calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) microparticles were used as sacrificial templates for the two-step deposition of polyelectrolyte coatings by surface controlled precipitation (SCP) followed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption technique to form capsule shells. When sodium alginate was used for inner shell assembly, template decomposition with an acid resulted in simultaneous formation of microgel-like structures due to calcium ion-induced gelation. An extraction of the calcium after further LbL treatment resulted in microcapsules filled with the biopolymer. The hollow as well as the polymer-filled polyelectrolyte capsules were characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning force microscopy (SFM). The results demonstrated multiple functionalities of the CaCO(3) core - as supporting template, porous core for increased polymer accommodation/immobilization, and as a source of shell-hardening material. The LbL treatment of the core-inner shell assembly resulted in further surface stabilization of the capsule wall and supplementation of a nanostructured diffusion barrier for encapsulated material. The polymer forming the inner shell governs the chemistry of the capsule interior and could be engineered to obtain a matrix for protein/drug encapsulation or immobilization. The outer shell could be used to precisely tune the properties of the capsule wall and exterior. [Diagram: see text] Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) image of microcapsules (insert is after treating with rhodamine 6G to stain the capsule wall). 相似文献
62.
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64.
Coating Carbon Nanotubes with Europium Oxide 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
HuiQunCAO GuangYanHONG JingHuiYAN JiLinZHANG GuiXiaLIU 《中国化学快报》2003,14(12):1293-1295
Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) coating with europium oxide by a simple method is reported in this letter for the first time. The CNTS were refluxed in a solution of nitric acid containing europium nitrate, and the pH value was subsequently ajusted with ammonia solution. At last, the mixture was filtered and annealed. The TEM micrograph showed that the CNTS were covered with a uniform thin layer with thickness of about 15 nm. The XRD results revealed that the CNTS were coated with europium oxide. 相似文献
65.
The conversion of amorphous tricalcium phosphate with different hydration ratio into apatite in water at 25 °C has been studied by microcalorimetry and several physical-chemical methods. The hydrolytic transformation was dominated by two strong exothermic events. A fast, relatively weak, wetting process and a very slow but strong heat release assigned to a slow internal rehydration and the crystallization of the amorphous phase into an apatite. The exothermic phenomenon related to the rehydration exceeded the crystalline transformation enthalpy. Rehydration occurred before the conversion of the amorphous phase into apatite and determined the advancement of the hydrolytic reaction. The apatitic phases formed evolved slightly with time after their formation. The crystallinity increased whereas the amount of HPO42− ion decreased. These data allow a better understanding of the behavior of biomaterials involving amorphous phases such as hydroxyapatite plasma-sprayed coatings. 相似文献
66.
LB膜诱导下草酸钙晶体的生物矿化研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
草酸钙(CaC2O4)结石是生物体内异常矿化形成的产物,是泌尿系结石的主要组成部分犤1犦。它形成于泌尿系统中尿路表皮细胞上犤2犦。磷脂的Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜是生物细胞膜的简化模拟体系犤3犦。用磷脂LB膜作为模板来研究CaC2O4晶体的形成过程,比在水溶液中更能接近CaC2O4结石在生物体内细胞膜表面形成的真实情况,将有助于对尿路结石的形成及防治的研究犤4犦。尿大分子硫酸软骨素A(C4S)存在于尿液中,但不存在于CaC2O4结石中。在结石病人尿液中C4S的含量明显低于正常人尿液中的含量,因此推测其在体内… 相似文献
67.
Calorimetry has been used in the investigations of calcium aluminate materials produced as a binder for aluminate-corundum
composites of high refractoriness. The kinetics and of hydration process was thus characterized and the optimum compositions
of initial binders and cement-corundum refractory filler blends could be selected for further tests. The acceleration of heat
evolution - the shortening of so-called induction period and relatively high heat output in the presence of corundum was observed.
It means the acceleration of hydration process, that is early crystallisation of hydration products and subsequent further
dissolution of initial anhydrous aluminate phases. In the presence of fine grained corundum particles these phenomena should
be attributed to the nucleating effect of fine corundum particles.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
68.
E. A. Fedorova N. V. Glushkova M. N. Bochkarev H. Schumann H. Hemling 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1996,45(8):1996-1999
Reactions of naphthaleneeuropium and naphthaleneytterbium, C10H8Ln(DME) (Ln = Eu or Yb), with phenylacetylene are accompanied by the formation of the C-C bond and yield the complexes of composition Ph2C4H2Ln(DME)2. Hydrolysis of the Ph2C4H2Ln(DME)2 complexes affords a mixture of isomers of 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. Reactions of C10H8[LnI(DME)2]2 with PhCCH yield mixed iodine-ethynyl complexes [ILn(-CCPh)(DME)2]2. According to the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, the ytterbium complex consists of two YbI(DME)2 units bonded through two bridging CCPh groups. The crystals of this complex belong to the space groupP21/c. The central cyclic Yb-C-Yb-C fragment is planar; the C(I)-Yb(I)-C(I) angle is 86.4(3)°. The Yb-C bond lengths are 2.584(8) and 2.603(9) Å.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 2101–2104, August, 1996. 相似文献
69.
L. Domka 《Colloid and polymer science》1993,271(11):1091-1099
Calcium carbonates of different degrees of surface hydrophobicity were obtained when sorbic acid or polyoxyethylene glycol were present during the precipitation. In the presence of trace amounts of divalent cations carbonates with high surface hydrophilicity and improved monodisperse character are obtained. Surface modification of the calcium carbonates by several proadhesive compounds can markedly improve the chemical affinity of the carbonates to polymers. Very effective are isostearoyl titanate and two polyoxyethylene compounds. Precipitated calcium carbonates modified with 2 to 3 percent (wt/wt) of isostearoyl titanate increased the tensile strenght of butadiene-styrene rubber by approximately 100%. Polyurethane is only strengthened when 30 wt/wt of a filler are introduced independently of the type proadhesive compounds. The best strength and hysteresis of polyurethanes are obtained with calcium carbonate modified with 2 percent (wt/wt) of polyoxyethylene glycol. 相似文献
70.
Activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid have been determined from electromotive-force measurements of cells containing mixtures of hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride at constant total ionic strengthsI=0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mole-kg–1 at 298.15°K. Interpretations based on Scatchard's and Pitzer's equations indicate that Pitzer's equations probably provide a more convenient guide to the thermodynamic properties of the mixed-electrolyte solutions. Activity coefficients for calcium chloride were derived from these equations. 相似文献