珠三角地区人群血浆中邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露水平研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法对珠三角地区人群血浆中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的暴露情况进行分析。样品预处理采用乙腈沉淀蛋白,正己烷液液萃取。结果表明,血浆中检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DnBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己基酯(DCHP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)。其中DEHP的检出率为100%;其次为DiBP、DnBP与DMP,检出率分别为98.0%、62.0%和49.0%;DCHP与BBP的检出率最低,均为5.00%。∑PAEs的含量为12.4～1 399 ng/g,中值与平均值分别为39.8、57.7 ng/g。6种PAEs中DEHP占比最高,为90.01%～99.96%。对不同性别与年龄人群的PAEs暴露水平进行研究,发现女性与低年龄组(≤40岁)人群血浆中的PAEs浓度较高,但仅DMP存在显著性差异。     

Human Health Risk Surveillance Through the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Water,Sediments, and Fish from the Chenab River,Pakistan

The current study assessed the spatiotemporal variations and human health surveillance associated with organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination in water, sediments, and fish from Chenab River, Pakistan. The OCP determinations were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a reverse-phase C18 column. The total OCP levels ranged from 13.33 to 274.59?ng/L in water, 4.63 to 239.11?ng/g in sediments, and 23.79 to 387.12?ng/g in fish species. The overall pattern of mean OCP concentrations followed the order as ΣDDTs?>?Σendosulfan?>?aldrin and OCP pollution pattern among the headworks were Khanki Barrage?>?Qadirabad Barrage?>?Trimmu Barrage?>?Marala Barrage in all three environmental matrixes during both seasons. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for ∑OCPs was found to be 22.44?ng/kg/day. The hazard ratios calculated to assess the carcinogenic risk indicated that the values for ∑DDT and aldrin at the 95th percentile concentrations were greater than one, indicating the probability of carcinogenic risk occurrence of one in million populations due to fish consumption. Therefore, these high levels of OCPs and carcinogenic risk through fish consumption highlight the needs of immediate elimination of OCPs from riverine environment of Chenab River and we recommend long-term monitoring-based freshwater ecological studies to be conducted in the study area.     

Ferric nitrate-promoted oxidative esterification of toluene with N-hydroxyphthalimide: Synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters

A ferric nitrate-promoted cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with toluene derivatives is reported. The reaction proceeded smoothly using molecular oxygen as an oxidant, providing an efficient method for the synthesis of N-hydroxyimide esters. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism was proposed.     

Spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in the Tarim River Basin

By using 233 isotope samples, we investigated the spatial and temporal variations of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in precipitation and surface water, and the contribution of different water sources in the rivers within the Tarim River Basin (TRB), which receives snow/glacier meltwater, groundwater, and rainfall. Our study revealed a similar seasonal pattern of precipitation δ¹⁸O and δ²H at both the north and south edges of the basin, indicating the dominant effect of westerly air masses in the summer and the combined influence of westerly and polar air masses during the winter, although the southern part showed more complex precipitation processes in the summer. River water in the basin has relatively large temporal variations in both δ¹⁸O and δ²H showing a distinct seasonal pattern with lower isotope values in May than in September. Higher d-excess values throughout the year in the Aksu river and the Tizinafu river suggest that water may be intensively recycled in the mountains of the TRB. Based on isotopic hydrograph separation, we found that groundwater is the main water source that discharges the entire basin although individual rivers vary.     

The application of Dirac matrices and Pauli matrices for the theory of plasticity

We are primarily concerned in this paper with the problem of plasticity. The solution of the problem of stress-increment for plasticity can be put into extremely compact form by famous Dirac matrices and Pauli matrices of quantum electrodynamics.     

在线液膜萃取富集流动注射荧光光度法测定水中痕量苯胺

设计并制造了用作苯胺在线富集的夹板式液膜(SSLM)萃取的流动注射分析装置。磷酸三丁酯用作流动载体,煤油为膜溶剂,试样中苯胺在SSLM萃取单元中得到分离和富集。SSLM萃取体系中pH 3盐酸溶液用作内相,pH 11氢氧化钠溶液用作外相。TBP溶液的适宜浓度为12%,富集时间为10 min,对经富集后pH 11碱性溶液中苯胺所产生荧光的强度进行测定。激发波长eλx为282 nm,发射波长eλm为345 nm,方法的检出限为0.2μg.L-1,苯胺浓度在1~150μg.L-1之间保持线性关系。将此方法用于测定河水中苯胺,根据分析结果算得RSD值均小于5%,回收率在97.6%至100.6%之间。     

江南水乡古镇的共性特征及其价值分析——以太湖流域六大古镇为例

江南水乡古镇凭借独具魅力的吴越文化和水乡风情,在近年来的旅游开发中显示出巨大的经济效益和社会效益．本文在全面剖析太湖流域古镇概况的基础上,以六大古镇为例,重点从自然地脉和历史文脉两个层面展开研究,得出古镇在形成类型、地域分布、空间结构、文化承载、人文生态等方面存在共性特征,并进一步分析了这些共性特征在历史文化研究、旅游开发和社会主义新农村建设方面的现实价值．     

内陆河道表层水体反射光谱的走航观测研究

现场水体光谱观测是水体光学性质、水色遥感反演建模等研究不可或缺的基础性工作之一.常规的倾斜观测方法受其较为严格的观测几何条件限制,需要依据船体位置、太阳方位等不断调整观测角度,特别是针对河道水体光谱观测时,还须考虑河道走向、岸线遮蔽物等情况,因此,只能设置若干站点进行离散样点的观测,难以在岸线环境较为复杂的河道水体开展...     

长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易地区结构的实证研究

利用贸易额的绝对值和指数实证分析了长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易地区结构. 结果表明: 长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易过于集中, 且进出口贸易的整体地区结构和主要10个国家的内部地区结构均有所优化, 但不甚明显, 其中出口的整体地区结构更为分散, 进口的内部地区结构更为均匀. 最后基于分析结果, 为促进长江经济带与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易地区结构合理化发展提出了建议.