颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管的临床应用

目的探讨经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管在维持性血液透析（MHD）患者中的应用价值。方法选取近3年在颈内静脉留置的中心静脉长期血液透析导管因功能障碍后，并经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置长期导管，术后及每次透析后均改用尿激酶封管患者16例（原位换置组）；选取同期首次经颈内静脉留置中心静脉长期血液透析导管,普通肝素封管患者20例作为对照组；分析两组患者围术期泵控血流量及随访期的反应及开存期率、次开存期率。结果围术期泵控血流量原位换置组高于对照组，有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；两组比较感染例次/1000导管日0.9%与1.0%，无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。原位换置组围术期未发生中重度并发症，12个月开存期率81.2%、次开存期率93.8%；对照组开存期率为65%、次开存期率85%；两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管，在MHD患者中的使用是安全的、可行的。     

Polysulfide Coordination Clusters of the Lanthanides

The reaction of [(DippForm)₂Ln(thf)₂] with an excess of elemental sulfur in toluene resulted in the formation of the trinuclear polysulfide coordination clusters [(DippForm)₃Ln₃S₁₂] (Ln=Sm, Yb; DippForm=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)formamidinate). These are the first f element coordination clusters (Ln_nS_x) with a larger polysulfide unit (n and x>2). The formation of the coordination clusters can be rationalized by the reductive cleavage of S₈ with divalent lanthanides.     

A theory of flux peaking effect in channeling

The redistribution of the channeled ion flux in the transverse plane has been examined. General formulae describing the flux peaking effect are obtained. Main factors on which the effect depends are investigated. An analysis is made of back-scattering experiments. The study has been made for the axial and planar channeling.     

Exploring Regioselective Bond Cleavage and Cross‐Coupling Reactions using a Low‐Valent Nickel Complex

Recently, esters have received much attention as transmetalation partners for cross‐coupling reactions. Herein, we report a systematic study of the reactivity of a series of esters and thioesters with [{(dtbpe)Ni}₂(μ‐η²:η²‐C₆H₆)] (dtbpe=1,2‐bis(di‐tert‐butyl)phosphinoethane), which is a source of (dtbpe)nickel(0). Trifluoromethylthioesters were found to form η²‐carbonyl complexes. In contrast, acetylthioesters underwent rapid C_acyl?S bond cleavage followed by decarbonylation to generate methylnickel complexes. This decarbonylation could be pushed backwards by the addition of CO, allowing for regeneration of the thioester. Most of the thioester complexes were found to undergo stoichiometric cross‐coupling with phenylboronic acid to yield sulfides. While ethyl trifluoroacetate was also found to form an η²‐carbonyl complex, phenyl esters were found to predominantly undergo C_aryl?O bond cleavage to yield arylnickel complexes. These could also undergo transmetalation to yield biaryls. Attempts to render the reactions catalytic were hindered by ligand scrambling to yield nickel bis(acetate) complexes, the formation of which was supported by independent syntheses. Finally, 2‐naphthyl acetate was also found to undergo clean C_aryl?O bond cleavage, and although stoichiometric cross‐coupling with phenylboronic acid proceeded with good yield, catalytic turnover has so far proven elusive.     

On a problem of S.L. Sobolev

In his famous works of 1930 [1,2] Sergey L. Sobolev has proposed a construction of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the hyperbolic equation of the second order with variable coefficients in Rş. Although Sobolev did not construct the fundamental solution, his construction was modified later by Romanov (2002) and Smirnov (1964) to obtain the fundamental solution. However, these works impose a restrictive assumption of the regularity of geodesic lines in a large domain. In addition, it is unclear how to realize those methods numerically. In this paper a simple construction of a function, which is associated in a clear way with the fundamental solution of the acoustic equation with the variable speed in 3-d, is proposed. Conditions on geodesic lines are not imposed. An important feature of this construction is that it lends itself to effective computations.