Bioaffinity Chromatography-Methodology and Application

The term “affinity chromatography” was coined in 1968 by Cuatrecasas, Wilchek, and Anfinsen [l]. All kinds of chromatography except those depending on exclusion effects are based on affinity interactions of some kind between the solutes to be separated and the solid phase. The term is therefore too indeterminate to describe a method characterized by biological or biochemical recognition phenomena. Bioaffinity chromatography is suggested [2, 3].     

An empirical process interpretation of a model of species survival

We study a model of species survival recently proposed by Michael and Volkov. We interpret it as a variant of empirical processes, in which the sample size is random and when decreasing, samples of smallest numerical values are removed. Micheal and Volkov proved that the empirical distributions converge to the sample distribution conditioned not to be below a certain threshold. We prove a functional central limit theorem for the fluctuations. There exists a threshold above which the limit process is Gaussian with variance bounded below by a positive constant, while at the threshold it is half-Gaussian.     

Decorated hypertrees

C. Jensen, J. McCammond and J. Meier have used weighted hypertrees to compute the Euler characteristic of a subgroup of the automorphism group of a free product. Weighted hypertrees also appear in the study of the homology of the hypertree poset. We link them to decorated hypertrees after a general study on decorated hypertrees, which we enumerate using box trees.     

Sustainable management of an alpine national park: handling the two-edged effect of tourism

Attracting visitors to an alpine national park can open up additional sources of funding for species conservation. However, tourism also brings ecologically negative impacts to the park and, in particular, to endangered species. In this paper, we discuss the handling of this two-edged effect of nature-based tourism within the context of a national park’s management decision. We develop a stylized model which frames the interaction of a representative largely unknown species, its habitat, and park visitors in an alpine ecosystem. In applying this to the protection of a rock partridge population in the Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria), we illustrate that a combined visitor and species protection policy can maximize steady state net benefits from tourism and conservation, while ensuring that the endangered species reaches its conservation target in the long run. Thus, even for a small, largely unknown species such as the rock partridge, and not only for popular species like the golden eagle, it is possible to endogenously generate a conservation budget by attracting visitors.     

The adjoint braid arrangement as a combinatorial Lie algebra via the Steinmann relations

We study a certain discrete differentiation of piecewise-constant functions on the adjoint of the braid hyperplane arrangement, defined by taking finite-differences across hyperplanes. In terms of Aguiar-Mahajan's Lie theory of hyperplane arrangements, we show that this structure is equivalent to the action of Lie elements on faces. We use layered binary trees to encode flags of adjoint arrangement faces, allowing for the representation of certain Lie elements by antisymmetrized layered binary forests. This is dual to the well-known use of (delayered) binary trees to represent Lie elements of the braid arrangement. The discrete derivative then induces an action of layered binary forests on piecewise-constant functions, which we call the forest derivative. Our main result states that forest derivatives of functions factorize as external products of functions precisely if one restricts to functions which satisfy the Steinmann relations, which are certain four-term linear relations appearing in the foundations of axiomatic quantum field theory. We also show that the forest derivative satisfies the Lie properties of antisymmetry the Jacobi identity. It follows from these Lie properties, and also crucially factorization, that functions which satisfy the Steinmann relations form a left comodule of the Lie cooperad, with the coaction given by the forest derivative. Dually, this endows the adjoint braid arrangement modulo the Steinmann relations with the structure of a Lie algebra internal to the category of vector species. This work is a first step towards describing new connections between Hopf theory in species and quantum field theory.     

A nitrilo-tri-acetic-acid/acetic acid route for the deposition of epitaxial cerium oxide films as high temperature superconductor buffer layers

A water based cerium oxide precursor solution using nitrilo-tri-acetic-acid (NTA) and acetic acid as complexing agents is described in detail. This precursor solution is used for the deposition of epitaxial CeO₂ layers on Ni-5at%W substrates by dip-coating. The influence of the complexation behavior on the formation of transparent, homogeneous solutions and gels has been studied. It is found that ethylenediamine plays an important role in the gelification. The growth conditions for cerium oxide films were Ar-5% gas processing atmosphere, a solution concentration level of 0.25 M, a dwell time of 60 min at 900 °C and 5-30 min at 1050 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), pole figures and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to characterize the CeO₂ films with different thicknesses. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) was used to determine the carbon residue level in the surface of the cerium oxide film, which was found to be lower than 0.01%. Textured films with a thickness of 50 nm were obtained.     

Determination of hexavalent chromium by using speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry after microwave speciated extraction of environmental and other solid materials

Precise and accurate determination of hexavalent chromium in different types of solid environmental sample is regarded as a technical challenge with significant potential error if historically accepted methods are used. Microwave-assisted alkaline extraction (0.5 mol L^–1 NaOH+0.28 mol L^–1 Na₂CO₃) followed by anion-exchange chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric detection has been shown to provide accurate and precise results. To obtain a better understanding of potential species conversion during and/or after extraction steps, speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) (EPA Method 6800) metrology has been successfully applied as a diagnostic tool with the modified accompanying extraction version of EPA Method 3060A. In our study, aggregate materials distributed over a large area of a major western US state were found to contain a high concentration of total chromium (195±13 to 709±19 g g^–1) and significant amounts of Cr⁶⁺ (141±6 to 341±29 g g^–1) which are at least three orders of magnitude higher than the US EPA threshold limit (0.5 g g^–1). Sediment samples from a major western US state, studied independently, were found to contain less (1.77±0.34 g g^–1) or no Cr⁶⁺ in the presence of significant total chromium.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定城市污泥中有机态镉

建立了真空冷冻干燥法制备有机相标准系列,氯化钯-磷酸氢二钾作基体改进剂,分步斜坡升温石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定城市污泥中痕量有机态Cd的方法,有效地消除了基体干扰.方法的精密度(RSD,n=11)为5.7%,用于污泥样品的测定加标回收率在91%-107%之间,与常规消解法测定值比较结果令人满意.     

东疆部分地区寄生蜂资源的初步调查

本文通过对新疆东部部分地区寄生蜂资源进行初步调查,并应用生物多样性主要特性指数的分析方法,对不同地区采集到的5 705头标本进行多样性分析。东疆的寄生蜂资源主要集中在以姬小蜂科Eu loph idae、金小蜂科P terom a lidae、环腹瘿蜂科F ig itidae、茧蜂科B racon idae、蚜茧蜂科A ph id iidae、姬蜂科Ichneum on idae等为主的27科。结果表明:巴里坤山前草地的寄生蜂多样性指数最高,而在巴里坤农田的寄生蜂多样性指数最低;木垒山地草原的寄生蜂丰富度指数最高,而多样性指数则比较低;各地物种优势度相差不大。     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅硫酸铁中铁的形态分布研究

利用正硅酸乙酯代替传统硅酸钠制备活性硅酸,使之与聚合硫酸铁反应而得到聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂。 由于正硅酸乙酯水解很缓慢,容易控制,可得到铁硅分布均匀、重现性好的产物;这有利于进行聚硅硫酸铁中铁的形态研究。采用Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法和红外光谱法研究了聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂中铁和硅的形态分布。研究结果表明：聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂中Fe(a)形态较多,Fe(b)和Fe(c)含量相对较少。在一定时间内,随着熟化时间的延长,Fe(a)和Fe(b)含量有所下降,Fe(c)含量有所增加;但是当熟化时间到达5 d后,三种形态的变化不大。研究还显示聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂中铁和硅的形态与其在聚合硫酸铁和聚硅酸中是不同的;聚合硫酸铁与活性硅酸并非简单的复合,而是发生了复杂的化学反应,生成了一种重现性好的新型无机高分子聚硅硫酸铁絮凝剂。