聚合物前驱体方法低温合成LiTaO3纳米粉体

采用聚合物前驱体方法,以柠檬酸为配位剂,乙二醇为酯化剂,低温合成纳米LiTaO3粉体.以红外光谱和拉曼光谱研究了柠檬酸与金属离子的配位情况.当柠檬酸和金属离子物质的量的比为2.5:1、柠檬酸和乙二醇的物质的量比为1:2时可形成稳定的Li-Ta前驱体溶胶.用差热.热重对凝胶前驱体的热分解历程进行分析,采用X射线衍射和红外光谱对Li-Ta凝胶前驱体及不同温度下煅烧所得粉体的相组成进行分析.结果表明,凝胶前驱体经600℃下煅烧2 h可以得到纯钙钛矿型纳米LiTaO3粉体.平均粒径为60～80 nm.     

Furocoumarins photolysis products induce differentiation of human erythroid cells

Psoralens, also known as furocoumarins, are a well-known class of photosensitizers largely used in the therapy of various skin disease. In this study we have evaluated the effects of crude pre-irradiated solutions of furocoumarins derivatives on (a) erythroid differentiation and apoptosis of human leukemic K562 cells and (b) hemoglobin synthesis in cultures of human erythroid progenitors derived from the peripheral blood. To prove the activity of a mixture of photoproducts generated by UVA irradiation of the three psoralen derivatives 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and angelicin (ANG), we employed the human leukemic K562 cell line and the two-phase liquid culture procedure for growing erythroid progenitors. The results obtained demonstrate that pre-irradiated solutions of psoralen derivatives significantly induce erythroid differentiation of K562 cells irrespective of the type of derivative used, suggesting that the active photoproduct(s) share a common structure. Interestingly, solutions of psoralens irradiated in anaerobic conditions do not exhibits erythroid inducing ability, indicating that the effect is mostly due to photooxidized psoralen products. In erythroid precursor cells, psoralens photolysis products stimulates at low concentrations an increase of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F. Altogether, these data suggest that photoproducts of psoralen warrant further evaluation as potential therapeutic drugs in beta-thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of palladacycle complexes with n‐butyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands

A series of monomeric palladacycle complexes bearing n‐butyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbenes, namely [Pd(NHC)X(dmba)] (dmba: dimethylbenzylamine and [Pd(NHC)X(ppy)]; NHC: 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐substituted benzylimidazol‐2‐ylidene; ppy: 2‐phenylpyridine), were prepared either by transmetallation from the corresponding silver carbene complexes or by the reaction of the corresponding acetate‐bridged palladacycle dimer with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands in high yields. The palladium(II) complexes were characterized using elemental analyses, APCI‐MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. These complexes are efficient in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and aryl bromides.     

Gold(I) bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes: Metabolic stability,in vitro inhibition,and genotoxicity

We report the profiling of the metabolic stability, normal cell inhibition, and genotoxicity of the two gold complexes [Au (ⁱPr₂‐bimy)₂]PF₆ ( 1 ) and [Au (Fpyr)(ⁱPr₂‐bimy)]PF₆ ( 2 ), which show strong apoptotic activities in lung cancer cells. Liver microsomal tests revealed that the compounds have a relatively high half‐life compared to midazolam and do not suffer rapid metabolism and in vitro clearance. The cytotoxic potential of these compounds were also relatively weak in normal cells, with higher IC₅₀ values compared to cancer cells, with a 2–60 times difference. The Ames test revealed that the compounds do not give rise to any mutations as well. Overall, the compounds showed stability in liver microsomes, specificity for cancer cells, and a lack of genotoxic potential.     

Oxidation-promoted synthesis of ferrocenyl planar chiral rhodium(iii) complexes for C–H functionalization catalysis

The chemical oxidation of rhodium(i) complexes [Rh(L)(COD)][BF4], where L is a ferrocenyl phosphine/N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, with 2 equiv. of a triaryl-aminium salt [(4-BrC6H4)3N][BF4] in acetonitrile gave planar chiral, air-stable [Rh(L–H)(MeCN)3][BF4]2 complexes where the ferrocene (C5H4CH2ImR or C5H4CH2BImCH2Mes) ring has been C–H activated at the position 2 in good to excellent yields. An important reactivity difference between our complexes and the ubiquitous [Cp*Rh(MeCN)3]X2 complex has been observed in the Grignard-type arylation of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde.     

Triptycene‐Based Chiral and meso‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Metal Complexes

Based on 1‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐triptycene, new saturated and unsaturated triptycene‐NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligands were synthesized from glyoxal‐derived diimines. The respective carbenes were converted into metal complexes [(NHC)MX] (M=Cu, Ag, Au; X=Cl, Br) and [(NHC)MCl(cod)] (M=Rh, Ir; cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in good yields. The new azolium salts and metal complexes suffer from limited solubility in common organic solvents. Consequently, the introduction of solubilizing groups (such as 2‐ethylhexyl or 1‐hexyl by O‐alkylation) is essential to render the complexes soluble. The triptycene unit infers special steric properties onto the metal complexes that enable the steric shielding of selected areas close to the metal center. Next, chiral and meso‐triptycene based N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were prepared. The key step in the synthesis of the chiral ligand is the Buchwald–Hartwig amination of 1‐bromo‐4‐butoxy‐triptycene with (1S,2S)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane, followed by cyclization to the azolinium salt with HC(OEt)₃. The analogous reaction with meso‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane provides the respective meso‐azolinium salt. Both the chiral and meso‐azolinium salts were converted into metal complexes including [(NHC)AuCl], [(NHC)RhCl(cod)], [(NHC)IrCl(cod)], and [(NHC)PdCl(allyl)]. An in situ prepared chiral copper complex was tested in the enantioselective borylation of α,β‐unsaturated esters and found to give an excellent enantiomeric ratio (er close to 90:10).     

Oxygen‐Dependent Photocatalytic Water Reduction with a Ruthenium(imidazolium) Chromophore and a Cobaloxime Catalyst

Detailed investigations of a photocatalytic system capable of producing hydrogen under pre‐catalytic aerobic conditions are reported. This system consists of the NHC precursor chromophore [Ru(tbbpy)₂(RR′ip)][PF₆]₃ (abbreviated as Ru(RR′ip)[PF₆]₃; tbbpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, RR′ip=1,3‐disubstituted‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthrolinium), the reduction catalyst Co(dmgH)₂ (dmgH=dimethylglyoximato), and the electron donor ascorbic acid (AA). Screening studies with respect to solvent, cobaloxime catalyst, electron donor, pH, and concentrations of the individual components yielded optimized photocatalytic conditions. The system shows high activity based on Ru, with turnover numbers up to 2000 under oxygen‐free and pre‐catalytic aerobic conditions. The turnover frequency in the latter case was even higher than that for the oxygen‐free catalyst system. The Ru complexes show high photostability and their first excited state is primarily located on the RR′ip ligand. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the rigid cyclophane‐type ligand dd(ip)₂(Br)₂ (dd(ip)₂=1,1′,3,3′‐bis(2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthrolinium)) and the catalytic activity of its Ru complex [{(tbbpy)₂Ru}₂(μ‐dd(ip)₂)][PF₆]₆ (abbreviated as Ru₂(dd(ip)₂)[PF₆]₆) suggest an intermolecular catalytic cycle.     

13C NMR Spectroscopy of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Can Selectively Probe σ Donation in Gold(I) Complexes

The Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson (DCD) model provides a successful theoretical framework to describe the nature of the chemical bond in transition-metal compounds and is especially useful in structural chemistry and catalysis. However, how to actually measure its constituents (substrate-to-metal donation and metal-to-substrate back-donation) is yet uncertain. Recently, we demonstrated that the DCD components can be neatly disentangled and the π back-donation component put in strict correlation with some experimental observables. In the present work we make a further crucial step forward, showing that, in a large set of charged and neutral N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold(I), a specific component of the NMR chemical shift tensor of the carbenic carbon provides a selective measure of the σ donation. This work opens the possibility of 1) to characterize unambiguously the electronic structure of a metal fragment (LAu(I)^n+/0 in this case) by actually measuring its σ-withdrawing ability, 2) to quickly establish a comparative trend for the ligand trans effect, and 3) to achieve a more rigorous control of the ligand electronic effect, which is a key aspect for the design of new catalysts and metal complexes.