A comparative study for treatment of white liquor by different applications of Fenton process

In this paper, the treatability of white liquor by conventional (CFP), modified (MFP) and electro-Fenton oxidation processes (EFP) was investigated depending on the COD parameter. Based on the experimental results, up to 62.4%, 58.4% and 54.9% COD removals by the CFP, MFP and EFP were achieved, respectively. It was observed that adjustment of initial pH to acidic values is not required in the CFP. The optimal operational conditions were found to be [Fe²⁺] = 500 mg/L, [H₂O₂] = 1000 mg/L at pH 7.3 (original pH) in the CFP, [Fe⁰] = 1250 mg/L, [H₂O₂] = 1000 mg/L at pH 3 in the MFP, and I = 1.0 A, [H₂O₂] = 1500 mg/L at pH 3 in the EFP, respectively. As a result, the CFP has been determined as a more efficient alternative treatment method.     

白酒基酒中酮类物质的近红外光谱检测方法

应用近红外光谱技术建立了白酒基酒中2,3-丁二酮和3-羟基-2-丁酮的快速检测模型。从洛阳杜康酒厂选取182个白酒基酒样品为材料,运用气相色谱法测得两种物质的化学值,同时采集其在12 000~4 000 cm-1范围内的光谱数据,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合内部交叉验证建立校正模型。通过对比不同光谱预处理下PLS模型效果对其进行优化,确定2,3-丁二酮和3-羟基-2 丁酮的最佳预处理方法分别为一阶导数+多元散射校正和二阶导数,最佳光谱区间分别为9 403.2~7 497.9 cm-1和9 403.2~7 497.9 cm-1+6 101.7~5 449.8 cm-1。优化后2,3-丁二酮和3 羟基-2-丁酮校正集样品的化学值和近红外预测值的决定系数(R2)分别为0.960 2和0.963 2,交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)分别为0.39、0.22 mg/100 mL;通过外部检验,验证集样品的R2分别为0.957 6和0.957 8,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.40、0.24 mg/100 mL。结果表明,应用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法所建立的模型有较高的准确度,能够满足白酒生产中酮类物质的快速检测需要。     

棉浆黑液生物处理系统中嗜碱细菌的多样性

以棉浆黑液为细菌分离培养基,从某化纤厂黑液生物处理系统中分离到16株嗜碱细菌,对其形态及生理生化等特征的研究结果表明,所分离的嗜碱细菌以产芽孢的革兰氏阴性细菌占优势,在个体形态和生理生化特性方面具有丰富的多样性.扩增rDNA限制性分析(ARDRA)结果表明,棉浆黑液中的嗜碱细菌分为2大类群,不同菌株之间的酶切图谱具有较大的差异.测定黑液生物处理系统中6株占优势的嗜碱细菌的16S rDNA序列,与国际上已报道的细菌的16S rDNA序列进行比较,结果表明:它们的序列与芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)或副球菌属(Paracoccus)中的参比菌株的同源性达到98%以上.以16S rDNA序列为基础的Bacillus属嗜细菌的系统发育分析结果显示,其中3个菌株与B.halodurans和B.wakoensis的相似性大于99%.     

Production of acetone butanol ethanol from degermed corn using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101

In this article we report on acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation characteristics of degermed corn when using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101. Recent economic studies suggested that recovery of germ from corn and hence corn oil would help to make the ABE fermentation process more economical. C. beijerinckii BA101 ferments corn mash efficiently to produce ABE under appropriate nutritional and environmental conditions. Corn mash contains germ/corn oil that is, possibly, ancillary to the production of butanol during the ABE fermentation process. Since the presence of corn oil is not a critical factor in solvent fermentation, it can be removed and this will allow for byproduct credit. Batch fermentation of degermed corn resulted in 8.93 g/L of total ABE production as compared with 24.80 g/L of total ABE when supplemented with P2 medium nutrients. During the course of the germ separation process, corn steeping is required prior to grinding and removing the germ. It is likely that some nutrients from the corn are leached out during the steeping process. This may reduce the rate of fermentation and impact the final concentration of butanol/ABE that can be achieved. Fermentation of degermed corn with corn steep liquor resulted in the production of 19.28 g/L of ABE.     

正交试验设计法在配制磷化液中的应用

本文运用正交试验设计法 ,在配制磷化液时选定各工艺参数 ,保证了磷化质量 ,而且生产成本较低 ,具有实用、高效、经济等特点     

Production of lactic acid from cheese whey by batch and repeated batch cultures of Lactobacillus sp. RKY2

The fermentative production of lactic acid from cheese whey and corn steep liquor (CSL) as cheap raw materials was investigated by using Lactobacillus sp. RKY2 in order to develop a cost-effective fermentation medium. Lactic acid yields based on consumed lactose were obtained at more than 0.98 g/g from the medium containing whey lactose. Lactic acid productivities and yields obtained from whey lactose medium were slightly higher than those obtained from pure lactose medium. The lactic acid productivity gradually decreased with increase in substrate concentration owing to substrate and product inhibitions. The fermentation efficiencies were improved by the addition of more CSL to the medium. Moreover, through the cell-recycle repeated batch fermentation, lactic acid productivity was maximized to 6.34 g/L/h, which was 6.2 times higher than that of the batch fermentation.     

聚丙烯酰胺母液过滤袋更换周期的影响因素

在聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)过滤袋内发现大量缠结在一起的高分子线团、黄色胶状物、黑色黏稠物等杂质;这些物质导致滤袋堵塞、过滤效率降低、滤袋内压差增大,最终使得滤袋胀破.目前的解决方法为短期更换滤袋,难以从根本上解决问题.为此,分析了HPAM母液过滤袋更换周期的影响因素,探讨了延长滤袋更换周期的可行性.结果表明,针对聚丙烯酰...     

Rapid determination of ethyl pentanoate in liquor using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics

ABSTRACT

The feasibility of Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid determination of ethyl pentanoate in Chinese liquor was investigated. A total of 108 liquor samples from production line were analyzed with Fourier transform near-infrared transmission spectroscopy. The calibration model for ethyl pentanoate content prediction was established with partial least square, and validated using internal cross validation. In a calibration set (80 samples), the coefficient of determination was 0.958, with the corresponding root mean square error of cross validation 0.020 g L^?1. In a validation set (28 samples), the coefficient of determination was 0.964, with the root mean square errors of prediction 0.023 g L^?1, and the bias value (0.005 g L^?1) for the validation set was less than the bias confidence limits value (0.009 g L^?1), indicating that the resulting near-infrared spectroscopy prediction model has good performance for online rapid determination of ethyl pentanoate in Chinese liquor. The determination of ethyl pentanoate in liquor can be completed in less than 2 min per sample using the near-infrared spectroscopy prediction model. The near-infrared spectroscopy combining chemometrics as a rapid analytical method has a promising application prospect of application in the liquor production field.     

基于时频谱特征的白酒品质分类方法研究

为了建立快速、准确的白酒品质鉴别方法,利用机器学习方法对不同品质的白酒建模。为了提取不同品质白酒的特征,使用离子迁移谱对不同品质白酒进行分析,构建了基于白酒离子迁移谱信号的特征向量,并对不同品质的白酒进行了识别与分类。白酒样本的离子迁移谱信号通过利用美国Excellims公司GA2100型电喷雾-离子迁移谱仪（ESI-IMS）采集获得,每一个离子迁移谱信号是强度随时间变化的时间序列信号;提取了原始数据离子迁移谱的时域特征谱峰。为了获得更全面的特征,对离子迁移谱数据进行了傅里叶变换并提取频域内的特征谱峰。同时为了表述信号变化的特征,计算了离子迁移谱的谱熵和过零率,构建N×9维的特征向量矩阵;使用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)分别对上述获得的特征进行了特征降维,其中使用PCA对特征向量矩阵降维后的前三维特征对整体特征的累计贡献率达到了95%,而使用LDA对特征向量矩阵降维后的前两维特征对整体特征的累计贡献率就达到了95%。因此,选择了LDA作为特征降维方法;最后,利用机器学习中的非线性分类器支持向量机(SVM)对白酒离子迁移谱数据进行分类研究。实验结果表明,在真酒和添加酒精的白酒二分类中,SVM方法正确分类率达到100%;而在真酒和分别添加10%,20%,30%,40%和50%酒精浓度的五种假酒的六分类中,SVM方法正确分类率达到99.7%。比较了逻辑回归(LRM)分类、模糊C均值分类(FCM)和K近邻分类(KNN)对白酒样本离子迁移谱分类实验结果。研究表明,对于离子迁移谱非常接近的真酒和添加酒精的白酒,基于频谱特征向量的SVM方法能够准确的区分开来,为白酒的品质鉴别提供了一种新的检测方法。     

Formulation of an Environmentally Friendly Adhesive for Wood

Summary: Malaysia has over 4 million hectares of oil palm plantations that yield large amounts of empty fruit bunches (EFB) generated from palm oil milling operations. These forms of lignocellulosic residue pose an environmental hazard if their disposal is not managed in a systematic manner. One of the useful elements extracted from these EFBs is lignin. The general purpose of this study is to explore the potential uses of lignin extracted from soda black liquor (paper and pulping waste) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in the formulation of a more environmentally friendly wood adhesive. In this work, the potential for replacing phenol with lignin in phenol formaldehyde resin formulation is examined. The quantity of phenol was reduced by synthesizing the resin at a lignin to phenol ratio of 1:1. The physical and chemical properties of lignin phenol formaldehyde resin (LPF) and commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (CPF) were then compared. The infrared spectrum revealed similarities in the functional groups of both LPF and CPF resins. Tensile strength comparisons between both resins revealed that the LPF resin had a higher bonding strength (11.60 MPa more in term of allowable maximum load). In addition, the kinematics viscosity test showed that the LPF resin had lower kinematic viscosity than the CPF resin after 21 days of storage. Finally, the scanning electron microscope images for both resins showed similarities in terms of penetration into wood vessels.