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31.
The five-carbon sugard-xylose is a major component of hemicellulose and accounts for roughly one-third of the carbohydrate content of many lignocellulosic materials. The efficient fermentation of xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolyzates (prehydrolyzates) represents an opportunity to improve significantly the economics of large-scale fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is currently investigating a simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) process for ethanol production from biomass that uses a dilute-acid pretreatment and a metabolically engineered strain ofZymomonas mobilis that can coferment glucose and xylose. The objective of this study was to establish optimal conditions for cost-effective seed production that are compatible with the SSCF process design. Two-level and three-level full factorial experimental designs were employed to characterize efficiently the growth performance of recombinantZ. mobilis CP4:pZB5 as a function of nutrient level, pH, and acetic acid concentration using a synthetic hardwood hemicellulose hydrolyzate containing 4% (w/v) xylose and 0.8% (w/v) glucose. Fermentations were run batchwise and were pH-controlled at low levels of clarified corn steep liquor (cCSL, 1-2% v/v), which were used as the sole source of nutrients. For the purpose of assessing comparative fermentation performance, seed production was also carried out using a “benchmark” yeast extract-based laboratory medium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of experimental results was performed to determine the main effects and possible interactive effects of nutrient (cCSL) level, pH, and acetic acid concentration on the rate of xylose utilization and the extent of cell mass production. Results indicate that the concentration of acetic acid is the most significant limiting factor for the xylose utilization rate and the extent of cell mass production; nutrient level and pH exerted weaker, but statistically significant effects. At pH 6.0, in the absence of acetic acid, the final cell mass concentration was 1.4 g dry cell mass/L (g DCM/L), but decreased to 0.92 and 0.64 g DCM/L in the presence of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) acetic acid, respectively. At concentrations of acetic acid of 0.75 (w/v) or lower, fermentation was complete within 1.5 d. In contrast, in the presence of 1.0% (w/v) acetic acid, 25% of the xylose remained after 2 d. At a volumetric supplementation level of 1.5–2.0% (v/v), cCSL proved to be a cost-effective single-source nutritional adjunct that can support growth and fermentation performance at levels comparable to those achieved using the expensive yeast extract-based laboratory reference medium.  相似文献   
32.
A fast quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic separation method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-APCI-MS) was developed for the determination of low-molecular-mass aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids typically present in different industrial process waters. A mixture of glycolic, lactic, a-glucoisosaccharinic, oxalic, maleic, fumaric, succinic, malic, glutaric, methylsuccinic, and adipic acids was separated using an RP chromatographic system. Adipic acid was used as an internal standard to calculate correlation coefficients for the acids studied. The chromatographic analysis of these acids was primarily carried out by means of gradient elution with an aqueous formic acid solution (0.15%, pH 2.5) and methanol using a modified C18 stationary phase. Good acid separation could be obtained for all acids by optimizing the chromatographic conditions. The method provides a simple sample preparation and faster analysis time compared to the traditional gas chromatographic methods, thus enabling almost real-time monitoring of these acids. Finally, the method developed was applied to the analysis of a complex mixture of aliphatic hydroxy carboxylic acids, which are formed as alkaline degradation products of carbohydrates during wood delignification and are present in the cooking spent liquor (black liquor).  相似文献   
33.
S. Belfer  S. Binman 《Adsorption》1996,2(3):237-243
In a resin-in-pulp process for the recovery of gold cyanide from a very dilute solution it is desirable that the resin should exhibit the ability to load gold at the natural pH of the leach liquor and be stripped by an aqueous alkali. The present work describes the results of gold cyanide adsorption by new ion-exchange hollow fibers prepared by the amination of sulfochlorinated polyethylene. The fibers, chopped into suitably sized pieces, showed very fast adsorption and desorption of gold from mixed cyanide solutions.  相似文献   
34.
本文将控温式水平衰减全反射(HATR)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合,成功实现了茅台酒的快速检测。与传统的KBr压片法相比,本方法大大简化了浓缩、干燥、压片等流程,检测时间少于5min。此外,通过分析茅台酒的一维红外图谱及二阶导数谱,成功鉴别了茅台酒的真假,为客观评价酒类产品的质量提供了新方法。  相似文献   
35.
高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中杆菌肽A   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出了高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中杆菌肽A含量的方法。地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液经离心得到杆菌肽A的粗提液。所得粗提液再经三氯乙酸提取,离心分离。取上清液用Beckman C18色谱柱分离,用乙腈和磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液以不同体积比混合为流动相梯度洗脱,在220 nm波长处进行测定。杆菌肽A的质量浓度在1.0~15.0 g·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.08 g·L-1。在7.37 g·L-1和11.01 g·L-1两个添加水平做回收试验,平均回收率分别为98.1%和97.4%。  相似文献   
36.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(2):291-300
The authenticity of Chinese liquor concerns consumer health and economic issues. The traditional characterization methods are time-consuming and require experienced analysts. The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to classify Chinese liquor samples was investigated using 128 liquors. The spectral region between 5340 cm?1 and 7400 cm?1 was found to be most informative. Principal component analysis was employed to characterize liquor and principal components were extracted as inputs of training classifiers. Several supervised pattern recognition methods including K-nearest neighbor, perceptron, and multiclass support vector machine were used as algorithms of constructing classifiers. The initial principal components and all spectral variables were used as the input of training models. In terms of the misclassification ratio, the support vector machine approach was the most accurate. The results indicated that near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics are an alternative to conventional methods for the characterization of liquor.  相似文献   
37.
The mother liquor for preparing industrial HCN was investigated, to analyze the side-products’ structure and influence of molecular interactions of side-products with glycine and solvent on the glycine’s crystallization process. The side-products(SPs) were super-branched oligmers with plenty of hydrophilic groups, which could affect the crystallization process by interactions such as hydrogen bond. Alcohol-water mixed solvent with different polyols could be used to weaken the SPs-glycine interaction and strengthen the SPs-water interaction, which help to improve the crystallization efficiency and purity. After optimization, SPs’ mass fraction in glycine could be reduced by 80% and the morphology of crystal particles could also be improved.  相似文献   
38.
年份白酒现已成为企业开发重点,但年份标准有较大的随意性,建立年份标准已成为规范行业和市场的迫切需要。基于某品牌原浆白酒的三维荧光光谱,对白酒年份预测模型进行了研究。研究内容和创新工作如下:首先,研究了荧光光谱与白酒年份的相关性。研究发现:0.5年与其他年份白酒的三维荧光光谱之间的相关系数达0.811 4;原始光谱中年份信息主要分布在激发波长为200~230和250~320 nm、发射波长为400~500 nm的光谱区;导数光谱的年份信息分布区域广且离散性高。其次,研究了荧光光谱之间的相关性。研究表明:原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性,在400~600 nm的区间内,相关系数接近1;求导能提高光谱分辨能力并降低多重共线性,二阶导数具有更好的抑制多重共线性的作用, 相关系数大部分小于0.6。最后,基于量子遗传算法-小波神经网络研究了激发波长为300 nm的白酒年份预测模型,并提出了光谱建模信息密度的概念。研究发现:原始光谱年份预测误差达5.4年,效果最差,其原因是原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性以及光谱与年份的相关性不显著; 导数光谱具有更高的信息密度和更好的建模效果,二阶导数光谱预测集的相关系数达0.999 8,年份预测误差达0.79年。研究成果将为白酒年份标定提供一种便捷的光学手段,同时也为多组分渐变体系的荧光光谱研究提供重要的参考。  相似文献   
39.
近年来年份白酒市场中行业规范有所缺失,因此年份白酒的研究具有深远意义和市场价值.白酒中单体物质的浓度会随着白酒的年份改变,检测白酒中单体浓度可用来鉴定白酒质量及其年份.基于国内某品牌年份原桨白酒的三维荧光光谱,对其中乙酸浓度进行了建模研究.对原始光谱进行了小波分解和求导预处理.研究发现小波分解第一层和第二层呈噪声特征,...  相似文献   
40.
The presence of organic compounds in the waste liquor is of serious environmental concern that has plagued the development of alumina industry (Bayer Process). The present work attempts to develop a green and efficient process for removal of organics utilizing combined effect of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The effects of reaction duration, ozone concentration and ultrasonic power are assessed for sonolysis (US), ozonation (O3) and combination of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The optimal conditions for US/O3 treatment system is identified to be a reaction duration of 7 h, ozone concentration of 7.65 g/h, and ultrasonic power of 600 W. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal and decolorization are 60.13% and 87.1%, respectively. The process can be scaled-up to industrial scale, which could potentially serve to be a convenient, safe and sustainable alternative to the exisiting treatment technologies. Additionally, the treated waste water can be reused contributing to an improvement in the overall economics.  相似文献   
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