混合气气氛下纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂的催化气化特性

采用热重法在单一和混合催化剂(即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单-催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂),温度750℃～950℃及常压条件下对三种高变质无烟煤(福建龙岩、丰海和尤溪煤)研究了混合气气化过程中对碳转化率、气化反应速率及有害污染含硫气体相对量的催化效应.纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂具有两者的的协同作用,在混合气气化过程中,3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂可极大地增加碳转化率和气化反应速率系由于该混合催化剂碱性表面化合物[-COM]、[-CO2M]及可交换的钙酚盐和羧酸钙[(-COO)2Ca]的存在加速了反应C 2CO2=2CO和C H2O→CO H2的结果,且这一催化作用比水蒸气气化过程更强烈.通过添加碳酸钙于纸浆黑液催化剂的气化方法,除去促进催化剂功效和增加碳转化率以外,也可达到有效的脱硫作用,但是这一较好的操作温度需低于900℃.     

顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-火焰热离子检测器联用测定白酒中吡嗪类化合物

应用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-火焰热离子检测器(GC-FTD)联用技术,建立了快速检测白酒中吡嗪类化合物的方法。本实验对吸附温度、时间及离子强度对萃取效果的影响进行了优化;在优化条件下,吡嗪类化合物在所测范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2>0.99),酒样重复测定的相对标准偏差小于13.6%,检测限小于0.20μg/L,回收率大于80.2%。用该方法测定了茅台酒、郎酒中的吡嗪类化合物。     

基于石墨化炭黑预涂覆技术的色谱柱制备和性能评价

采用石墨化炭黑(GCB)预涂覆技术对白酒分析专用色谱柱(LZP-930)的制备方法进行了优化,详细考察了所制备的色谱柱(LZP-930G)的性能参数,并对LZP-930G色谱柱的保留行为进行了评价,探讨了GCB对LZP-930G色谱柱性能的影响。研究发现,LZP-930G色谱柱的柱效、惰性、稳定性和极性均得到了明显提高,从而改善了酸类和醇类组分的分离选择性和色谱峰峰形,实现了白酒中53种易挥发和半挥发性微量组分的同时分离,且各组分的保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别小于0.63%和4.51%(n=5)。表明GCB预涂覆技术能够用于高性能白酒分析色谱柱的制备方法。     

高效液相色谱/二极管阵列法快速测定白酒、配制酒与葡萄酒中5种人工合成甜味剂

建立了一种快速检测白酒、配制酒和葡萄酒中安赛蜜、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜及纽甜5种人工合成甜味剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用C_(18)柱为分离柱,对流动相的组成和洗脱方式、检测波长等参数进行优化。结果表明,以乙腈和0.02 mol/L硫酸铵(p H 4.4)溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,可使5种人工合成甜味剂在15 min内实现基线分离。最佳检测波长下,5种甜味剂在4~200 mg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。样品加标回收率为95.2%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(n=5)均不大于3.4%。该方法简便、快捷、准确、灵敏度较高,适用于白酒、配制酒和葡萄酒等各类酒中5种人工合成甜味剂的快速检测。     

Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Silver Nanospheres (AgNS) Obtained by Green Synthesis Using Pre‐hydrolysed Liquor

Silver nanospheres (AgNS) with SPR band ∼417 nm was synthesized by Green synthesis, using a pre‐hydrolysed liquor (PHL) of Nilgiri wood without any pretreatment. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature and was complete within three hours. The reduction and stabilization of silver is brought about by hemicelluloses present in the pre‐hydrolysed liquor. Electrochemical oxidation of nitrite on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the AgNS in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0 was found to occur at 0.86 V with respect to Ag/AgCl. Electrochemical sensing experiments with AgNS/GCE showed a linear range of detection between 0.1 to 8 μM, with detection limit of 0.031 μM and a sensitivity of 580 μA mM⁻¹cm⁻².     

高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中杆菌肽A

提出了高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中杆菌肽A含量的方法。地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液经离心得到杆菌肽A的粗提液。所得粗提液再经三氯乙酸提取,离心分离。取上清液用Beckman C18色谱柱分离,用乙腈和磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液以不同体积比混合为流动相梯度洗脱,在220 nm波长处进行测定。杆菌肽A的质量浓度在1.0~15.0 g·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.08 g·L-1。在7.37 g·L-1和11.01 g·L-1两个添加水平做回收试验,平均回收率分别为98.1%和97.4%。     

Classification of Liquor Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

The authenticity of Chinese liquor concerns consumer health and economic issues. The traditional characterization methods are time-consuming and require experienced analysts. The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to classify Chinese liquor samples was investigated using 128 liquors. The spectral region between 5340 cm^?1 and 7400 cm^?1 was found to be most informative. Principal component analysis was employed to characterize liquor and principal components were extracted as inputs of training classifiers. Several supervised pattern recognition methods including K-nearest neighbor, perceptron, and multiclass support vector machine were used as algorithms of constructing classifiers. The initial principal components and all spectral variables were used as the input of training models. In terms of the misclassification ratio, the support vector machine approach was the most accurate. The results indicated that near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics are an alternative to conventional methods for the characterization of liquor.     

Catalytic gasification of Pakistani Lakhra and Thar lignite chars in steam gasification

采用热重法在常压与700℃~900℃条件下的水蒸气气化过程,对两种巴基斯坦Lakhra和Thar褐煤半焦进行了单一和混合催化剂(即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单一催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂)对碳转化率、气化反应速率常数及活化能、有害污染含硫气体相对量的催化效应研究.两者Lakhra和Thar褐煤半焦经直接气化就可获得高的碳转化率,但采用纸浆黑液催化剂可使气化速率变得很快.含灰高的Thar褐煤半焦在纸浆黑液催化气化过程更易生成一些复杂的硅酸盐,从而导致比含灰低的Lakhra褐煤半焦出现一个更低的转化率.在水蒸气气化过程由半焦和纸浆黑液自身所产生的SO2 和 H2S含硫气体可为存在于纸浆黑液中的Ca盐所捕获而完成脱硫过程,但这一过程在低于900℃时更有效.缩芯模型 (SCM)可较好地用来关联转化率与时间的关系并给出不同温度下的反应速率常数k.基于阿累尼乌斯方程预测了反应活化能Ea 和指前因子A.在纸浆黑液和钙混合催化及纸浆黑液催化剂时,Lakhra褐煤半焦的Ea分别为44.7kJ/mol和 59.6kJ/mol明显小于Thar褐煤半焦的Ea=114.6kJ/mol 和 Ea=100.8kJ/mol,同样也小于无催化剂纯半焦气化时Lakhra褐煤半焦的Ea=161.2kJ/mol和Thar半焦的Ea=124.8kJ/mol.     

基于量子遗传算法和荧光光谱某清香型白酒年份预测研究

年份白酒现已成为企业开发重点,但年份标准有较大的随意性,建立年份标准已成为规范行业和市场的迫切需要。基于某品牌原浆白酒的三维荧光光谱,对白酒年份预测模型进行了研究。研究内容和创新工作如下：首先,研究了荧光光谱与白酒年份的相关性。研究发现：0.5年与其他年份白酒的三维荧光光谱之间的相关系数达0.811 4;原始光谱中年份信息主要分布在激发波长为200~230和250~320 nm、发射波长为400~500 nm的光谱区;导数光谱的年份信息分布区域广且离散性高。其次,研究了荧光光谱之间的相关性。研究表明：原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性,在400~600 nm的区间内,相关系数接近1;求导能提高光谱分辨能力并降低多重共线性,二阶导数具有更好的抑制多重共线性的作用, 相关系数大部分小于0.6。最后,基于量子遗传算法-小波神经网络研究了激发波长为300 nm的白酒年份预测模型,并提出了光谱建模信息密度的概念。研究发现：原始光谱年份预测误差达5.4年,效果最差,其原因是原始光谱具有严重的多重共线性以及光谱与年份的相关性不显著; 导数光谱具有更高的信息密度和更好的建模效果,二阶导数光谱预测集的相关系数达0.999 8,年份预测误差达0.79年。研究成果将为白酒年份标定提供一种便捷的光学手段,同时也为多组分渐变体系的荧光光谱研究提供重要的参考。     

Influence of Molecular Interaction on Crystallization Behavior of Glycine from Mother Liquor

The mother liquor for preparing industrial HCN was investigated, to analyze the side-products’ structure and influence of molecular interactions of side-products with glycine and solvent on the glycine’s crystallization process. The side-products(SPs) were super-branched oligmers with plenty of hydrophilic groups, which could affect the crystallization process by interactions such as hydrogen bond. Alcohol-water mixed solvent with different polyols could be used to weaken the SPs-glycine interaction and strengthen the SPs-water interaction, which help to improve the crystallization efficiency and purity. After optimization, SPs’ mass fraction in glycine could be reduced by 80% and the morphology of crystal particles could also be improved.