Holographic interferometry as electrochemical emission spectroscopy of a carbon steel in 5–20 ppm TROS C-70 inhibited seawater

In the present investigation, holographic interferometry was utilized for the first time to determine the rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during the corrosion test of a carbon steel in blank seawater and seawater with different concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor. In other words, the anodic dissolution behaviors (corrosion) of the carbon steel were determined simultaneously by holographic interferometry, as an electromagnetic method, and by the electrochemical impedance (EI) spectroscopy, as an electronic method. So, the abrupt rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during corrosion tests, EI spectroscopy, of the carbon steel is called electrochemical emission spectroscopy. The corrosion process of the steel samples was carried out in blank seawater and seawater with different concentrations, 5–20 ppm, of TROS C-70 corrosion inhibitor using the EI spectroscopy method, at room temperature. The electrochemical-emission spectra of the carbon steel in different solutions represent a detailed picture of the rate change of the anodic dissolution of the steel throughout the corrosion processes. Furthermore, the optical interferometry data of the carbon steel were compared to the data, which was obtained from the EI. spectroscopy. Consequently, holographic interferometry is found very useful for monitoring the anodic dissolution behaviors of metals, in which the number of the fringe evolutions of the steel samples can be determined in situ.     

Study of the spontaneous formation of organic layers on carbon and metal surfaces from diazonium salts

This study investigates the spontaneous grafting of different para-substituted phenyl groups on carbon and metallic surfaces from diazonium salts solutions. Glassy carbon, nickel, zinc and iron plates were allowed to react with an acetonitrile solution of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt by simple dipping. The surfaces were characterized before and after their immersion by XPS and AFM to evidence the formation of a coating on the different materials. The results are indicative of the presence of substituted phenyl groups on all the investigated surfaces. This study also aims at correlating grafting efficiency with metal reactivities and diazonium salt electronic properties by means of AFM and FT-IRRAS. For this purpose, zinc and nickel were chosen due to their opposite reducing properties and two diazonium salts were selected with electron-donor or -withdrawing para-substituents. The results tend to indicate that redox properties of both partners (diazonium + metal) are of prime importance for grafting to occur.     

Observation of sharp resistance anomalies near Tc in granular superconductors

Granular films prepared from well-defined In clusters embedded in Kr (? 10-40 at % Kr) show sharp resistance anomalies very close to the superconducting transition temperature. The observed resistance peak(s), which go(es) above the normal state resistance R_N and which can be as high as ? 1.5 R_N, can be explained by a “mesoscopic” effect: Superconducting percolation aggregates of size ξ_ρ, larger than the superconducting coherence length ξ_S, but smaller than the quasiparticle relaxation length λ_Q*, have a superconducting gap, but are not yet able to carry a supercurrent.     

An aqueous route to organically functionalized silica diatom skeletons

Diatomaceous earth was functionalized by grafting organotrialkoxysilane precursors onto the surface of the porous silica cell walls of this biomineral. Vinyl- and mercapto-containing structures were prepared in aqueous media without disruption of the diatomic architecture. Successful grafting of the organic moieties was confirmed using solid state ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, and the presence of the intact diatom framework by scanning electron microscopy. The sorption properties of mercaptopropyl-functionalized diatoms towards heavy metals was studied by measuring the accessibility and diffusion rates of mercury(II) species to the binding sites (-SH) by the means of electrochemical methods.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers functionalized with a rhenium carbonyl complex and PEG as new IR probes for carbonyl metallo immunoassay

The first poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers tethered with both (η⁵-cyclopentadienyl) rhenium tricarbonyl (CpRe(CO)₃) units and polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were prepared and characterized by combining NMR spectroscopy and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Grafting of CpRe(CO)₃ units was achieved by reductive amination of formyl-CpRe(CO)₃ with the peripheral amines of generation 3 and 4 PAMAMs to yield dendrimers labeled with a variable number of CpRe(CO)₃ units, ranging from 8 to 14 for PAMAM-G3 and 17-30 for PAMAM-G4. PEG chains of different lengths were then attached to some of the remaining peripheral amines, and their respective ability to improve the solubility of the metallodendrimers in aqueous buffered media was evaluated. These metallodendrimers represent new infrared probes designed to be coupled to immunological reagents for the amplification of the IR signal in carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA).     

Volume Chemistry of Nitrogen in Binary Metal Nitrides and Subnitrides

A comparison of the concept of volume increments created by W. Biltz with that based on quantum mechanical calculations by R.F.W. Bader was performed for crystal structures of binary metal nitrides and ‐subnitrides. The mutual comparison of both concepts permits insights into the bonding relationships of these compounds and reveals the considerable range of volume demand of a strongly polarisable bonding partner, such as the nitride ion. Finally it becomes clear that the Biltz volume increments show a quantum‐chemical relevance in the chemistry of solids.     

酞菁钴薄膜的折射率及吸收特性

通过真空镀法在单晶硅片上制备了酞菁钴薄膜，在波长扫描和入射角可变全自动椭圆偏振光谱仪上研究了ＣｏＰｃ薄膜的椭偏光谱并分析了其电子结构。     

Synthesis of poly-yne polymers containing transition metals,disilane, disiloxane and phosphine groups in the main chain

The synthesis and characterization of metal poly-yne polymers containing disilane, disiloxane and phosphine groups in the main chain are described. The platinum and palladium poly-yne polymers were synthesized by polycondensation reactions between a metal chloride and an α, ω-bisethynyl complex in amines in the presence of cuprous iodide as a catalyst. The nickel poly-yne polymers were synthesized by an alkynyl ligand exchange reaction between a nickel acetylide and an α, ω-bisethynyl complex in diethylamine in the presence of cuprous iodide as a catalyst. The reaction of the platinum poly-yne polymer, containing disiloxane groups in the main chain, with copper (I) salts afforded adducts of η-²-bonded σ-acetylide polymer complexes. The reactions of the palladium poly-yne polymer, containing phosphine groups in the main chain, with transition-metal carbonyl complexes afforded polymer complexes which have phosphorus in the main chain-transition-metal bonds. A concentrated solution of the platinum poly-yne polymer containing disiloxane groups in the main chain forms a lyotropic liquid crystal in dichloromethane or 1, 2-dichloroethane.     

Formulation and survey of ALE method in nonlinear solid mechanics

This paper investigates the applicability and accuracy of existing formulation methods in general purpose finite element programs to the finite strain deformation problems. The basic shortcomings in using such programs in these applications are then pointed out and the need for a different type of formulation is discussed. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is proposed and a concise survey of ALE formulation is given. A consistent and complete ALE formulation is derived from the virtual work equation transformed to arbitrary computational reference configurations. Differences between the proposed formulations and similar ones in the literature are discussed. The proposed formulation presents a general approach to ALE method. It includes load correction terms and is suitable for rate-dependent and rate-independent material constitutive law. The proposed formulation reduces to both updated Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations as special cases.     

Preparation and Characterization of a Cobalt‐Containing Mono‐Phosphine Ligand and its Coordinated Molybdenum Complex

A cobalt‐containing monodentate phosphine [(μ₂‐PPh₂CH₂PPh₂‐κ²P)Co₂(CO)₄][μ₂‐η²‐PhC≡CP(i‐Pr)₂] 2f , was prepared from the reaction of (μ₂‐PPh₂CH₂PPh₂‐κ²P)Co₂(CO)₆ 1 with PhC≡CP(i‐Pr)₂. It was accompanied by an oxidized compound, [(μ₂‐PPh₂CH₂PPh₂‐κ²P)Co₂(CO)₄][μ₂‐η²‐PhC≡CP(=O)(i‐Pr₂)] 2fo during the chromatographic process. Further reaction of 2f with Mo(CO)₆ resulted in the formation of a 2f ‐ligated molybdenum complex 4 , [(μ₂‐PPh₂CH₂PPh₂‐κ²P)Co₂(CO)₄][μ₂‐η²‐PhC≡CP(i‐Pr₂)‐κP]‐Mo(CO)₅.