Durable Multiblock Poly(biphenyl alkylene) Anion Exchange Membranes with Microphase Separation for Hydrogen Energy Conversion

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and water electrolysis (AEMWE) show great application potential in the field of hydrogen energy conversion technology. However, scalable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable properties are still lacking, which greatly hampers the commercialization of this technology. Herein, we propose a series of novel multiblock AEMs based on ether-free poly(biphenyl ammonium-b-biphenyl phenyl)s (PBPA-b-BPPs) that are suitable for use in high performance AEMFC and AEMWE systems because of their well-formed microphase separation structures. The developed AEMs achieved outstanding OH⁻ conductivity (162.2 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C) with a low swelling ratio, good alkaline stability, and excellent mechanical durability (tensile strength >31 MPa and elongation at break >147 % after treatment in 2 M NaOH at 80 °C for 3750 h). A PBPA-b-BPP-based AEMFC demonstrated a remarkable peak power density of 2.41 W cm⁻² and in situ durability for 330 h under 0.6 A cm⁻² at 70 °C. An AEMWE device showed a promising performance (6.25 A cm⁻² at 2 V, 80 °C) and outstanding in situ durability for 3250 h with a low voltage decay rate (<28 μV h⁻¹). The newly developed PBPA-b-BPP AEMs thus show great application prospects for energy conversion devices.     

脉冲熔融-红外/热导法测定钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯中氧氮氢

准确测定钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯中氧氮氢含量对钛合金的粉末微注射工艺改进有很大指导作用。采用工业镍板经过表面打磨、酸洗、加工成固定质量的镍粒来代替市售的镍助熔剂,通过自制镍粒预先加入设备预脱气减少空白影响的方式建立了脉冲熔融-红外/热导法测定钛合金粉末微注射成形的脱脂坯中氧氮氢含量的方法。试验表明：镍粒助熔剂与石墨坩埚经二次脱气,可确保镍粒助熔剂的空白降至极低值以代替市售的镍篮、镍屑等助熔剂。钛合金粉末微注射成形脱脂坯采用振动磨形式加工至80目以下,镍粒的加入量为1.5 g,分析功率为5300 W时,可以获得稳定准确的结果。采用实验方法对脱脂坯实际样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为0.08%~0.47%、0.2 %~1.32%和1.6 %~2.02%;采用加入钛合金标准样品进行加标回收试验,氧氮氢回收率分别在 99%~10%、97%~99%及 97%~ 103%之间。方法满足脱脂坯中的氧氮氢快速检测要求的同时极大降低了分析成本。     

Morphology of polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile-co-5-vinyltetrazole) diblock copolymers prepared by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization and “click” chemistry

Well-defined polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) PS-block-P(S-co-AN) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile-co-5-vinyltetrazole) PS-block-P(S-co-AN-co-5VT) block copolymers with various content of acrylonitrile units in the statistical block were synthesized by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) and post-functionalized using efficient “click” chemistry process. In the second step, acrylonitrile units were successfully modified using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click” chemistry) type polymer analogue reaction. The original pristine diblock copolymers can be molecularly dissolved in THF and dioxane while the “tetrazolated” versions aggregate to clusters as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed ordered lamellar morphology with interlamellar spacing d = 60 nm increasing to d = 80 nm for “tetrazolated” diblock copolymers. The morphological features of diblock copolymer thin layers observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) depend on the tunable content of both acrylonitrile and 5-vinyltetrazole units and on the quality (polarity) of the solvents used.     

基于相似性分类的高光谱主成分融合方法比较

为了提高复杂场景弱小目标高光谱融合图像的质量,提出了基于相似性分类的主成分融合方法。光谱数据像素向量的相似性测度分类产生类矩阵,通过由类矩阵主成分变换的降维投影矩阵来投影变换原有光谱数据,获得降维数据矩阵。对比了传统PCA与基于欧式距离分类的PCA(ED_PCA)、基于光谱角分类的PCA(SA_PCA)、基于光谱信息散度分类的PCA(SID_PCA)和基于正交投影散度分类的PCA(OPD_PCA)四种改进方法的融合性能。实验结果表明:SA_PCA和SID_PCA方法兼具了ED_PCA和OPD_PCA的优点,对比度提升较好,阈值参数不敏感,运行时间较短。     

光纤熔接机加热扩芯制作模场适配器的研究

为了改善不同类型光纤熔接时的模场失配,通过调整普通光纤熔接机的熔接参数,对模场直径较小的光纤进行加热扩芯,实现了10/130μm大模场面积双包层光纤和6/125μm单模光纤的低损耗熔接,光纤耦合效率可达到91%,并成功应用于自主研发的小型1064nm光纤激光器中。对利用光纤熔接机加热扩芯制作模场适配器进行了理论分析,并用1064nm光纤激光器测量其实际传输损耗。实验结果表明:采用普通光纤熔接机,适当的调整熔接参数,可以有效地提高大模场面积光纤到单模光纤的耦合效率,为制作模场适配器提供了一种简单实用的方法。     

气相沉积法制备聚酰亚胺薄膜不同单体配比的表征及其性能影响

聚酰亚胺微球作为惯性约束聚变的重要候选靶丸之一,其力学性能和热学性能的提高对于实现聚变点火有重要意义.本文以均苯四甲酸二酐和二氨基二苯醚为原料,采用气相沉积法制备了不同单体配比的聚酰胺酸薄膜,研究了制备聚酰胺酸薄膜过程中不同单体蒸发温度对薄膜组成的影响,并对聚酰胺酸薄膜进行热环化处理.采用红外光谱仪分析了聚酰胺酸薄膜和聚酰亚胺薄膜的组成,结果表明:随着二酐蒸发温度的增加,聚酰胺酸薄膜中过量二酐单体的红外吸收振动特征峰(1780 cm~(-1),1850 cm~(-1)强度增加,单体配比由二胺过量到二酐二胺配比均衡再到二酐过量.热环化处理的过程中,薄膜中过量单体会再次蒸发,其红外图谱显示最终产物只有聚酰亚胺,但单体配比接近样品聚酰亚胺红外特征振动峰(1380 cm~(-1))强度更大.X射线衍射图谱显示配比接近的样品具有更高的晶化程度,说明过量单体的存在抑制了聚酰胺酸分子链的生长,造成分子量降低.采用纳米压痕仪和热重分析仪分别测量了聚酰亚胺薄膜的弹性模量和硬度以及失重曲线,结果表明分子量的降低会造成聚酰亚胺薄膜的弹性模量和硬度的降低,同时热稳定性也变差.扫描电子显微镜图像显示聚酰亚胺薄膜呈层状结构,单体配比接近的样品表面状况更好,这一点与聚酰亚胺分子的生长规律相符合.     

Infrared and visible image fusion scheme based on NSCT and low-level visual features

Multi-scale transform (MST) is an efficient tool for image fusion. Recently, many fusion methods have been developed based on different MSTs, and they have shown potential application in many fields. In this paper, we propose an effective infrared and visible image fusion scheme in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain, in which the NSCT is firstly employed to decompose each of the source images into a series of high frequency subbands and one low frequency subband. To improve the fusion performance we designed two new activity measures for fusion of the lowpass subbands and the highpass subbands. These measures are developed based on the fact that the human visual system (HVS) percept the image quality mainly according to its some low-level features. Then, the selection principles of different subbands are presented based on the corresponding activity measures. Finally, the merged subbands are constructed according to the selection principles, and the final fused image is produced by applying the inverse NSCT on these merged subbands. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art fusion methods in terms of both visual effect and objective evaluation results.     

Multi-window visual saliency extraction for fusion of visible and infrared images

Fusion for visible and infrared images aims to combine the source images of the same scene into a single image with more feature information and better visual performance. In this paper, the authors propose a fusion method based on multi-window visual saliency extraction for visible and infrared images. To extract feature information from infrared and visible images, we design local-window-based frequency-tuned method. With this idea, visual saliency maps are calculated for variable feature information under different local window. These maps show the weights of people’s attention upon images for each pixel and region. Enhanced fusion is done using simple weight combination way. Compared with the classical and state-of-the-art approaches, the experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach runs efficiently and performs better than other methods, especially in visual performance and details enhancement.