Amine‐cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites. II. The effect of the nanoclay aspect ratio

The thermophysical and mechanical properties of a nanocomposite material composed of amine‐cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) reinforced with organomontmorillonite clay are reported. The storage modulus at 100 °C, which was above the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), increased approximately 350% with the addition of 10 wt % (6.0 vol %) of clay. Below the T_g, the storage modulus at 30 °C increased 50% relative to the value of unfilled epoxy. It was determined that the T_g linearly increased as a function of clay volume percent. The tensile modulus of epoxy at room temperature increased approximately 50% with the addition of 10 wt % of clay. The reinforcing effect of the organoclay nanoplatelets is discussed with respect to the Tandon–Weng and Halpin–Tsai models. A pseudoinclusion model is proposed to describe the behavior of randomly oriented, uniformly dispersed platelets in nanocomposite materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4391–4400, 2004     

Structure of a poly(2,5‐benzimidazole)/phosphoric acid complex

As‐cast films of poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) exhibit uniplanar orientation in which the planes of the aromatic rings lie parallel to the film surface. Upon doping with phosphoric acid, the original crystalline order is lost, but the doped film can be stretched to produce films with uniaxial orientation. After thermal annealing at 540 °C, nine Bragg reflections are resolved in the fiber diagram, and these are indexed by an orthorhombic unit cell with the dimensions a = 18.1 Å, b = 3.5 Å, and c = 11.4 Å, containing four monomer units of two chains. The absence of odd‐order 00l reflections points to a 2₁ chain conformation, which is probably planar so that the aromatic units can be stacked along the b axis. The water and phosphoric acid contents of the crystalline structure cannot be determined exactly because of the presence of extensive amorphous regions that probably have different solvation. The best agreement between the observed and calculated intensities is for an idealized structure containing two phosphoric acids and two water molecules per unit cell. However, the phosphoric acid is probably present mainly in the form of pyrophosphoric acid and its higher oligomers. In addition, the X‐ray data are consistent with a more disordered structure containing chains with random (up and down) polarity and a lack of c‐axis registry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2576–2585, 2004     

Multiphysical modeling and meshless simulation of electric‐sensitive hydrogels

According to a multiphase mixture theory, we have mathematically developed a multiphysical model with chemoelectromechanical coupling considerations, termed the multieffect‐coupling electric‐stimulus (MECe) model, to simulate the responsive behavior of electric‐sensitive hydrogels immersed in a bath solution under an externally applied electric field. For solutions of the MECe model consisting of coupled nonlinear partial differential governing equations, a meshless Hermite–Cloud method with a hierarchical iteration technique has been used for a one‐dimensional steady‐state analysis of a hydrogel strip. The computed results are compared with the experimental data, and there is very good agreement. Simulations within the domains of both hydrogels and surrounding solutions also present distributions of the ionic concentrations and electric potential as well as the hydrogel displacement. The effects of various physical parameters on the response behavior of electric‐stimulus responsive hydrogels are discussed in detail. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1514–1531, 2004     

Synthesis And Properties Of Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Transparent Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer

Functional ultra-high molecular weight transparent styrene-butadiene block copolymer possesses both high transparency and impact resistance and has excellent comprehensive properties prior to other transparent resins. In this paper we not only use anionic polymerization process which includes 1 time addition of initiator and 3 time addition of monomers, but also introduce functional coupling agent for the fist time to prepare mentioned functional block copolymer. The typical preparation proces…     

Bouquet and join theorems for disentanglements

The disentanglement of certain augmentations is shown to be the topological join of a disentanglement and a Milnor fibre. The kth disentanglement of a finite map is defined and for corank 1 maps from ℂ ⁿ to ℂ ^{n +1} it is shown that they are homotopically equivalent to a wedge of spheres. Applications to the Mond conjecture are given. Oblatum 24-VII-2000 & 5-VII-2001?Published online: 12 October 2001     

Titanium nanocarbides: Synthesis and modeling

The present state of research on the production and modeling of nanostructures based on titanium carbide-a typical representative of an extensive class of carbides of d-and f-metals-is reviewed. Methods for the synthesis of various Ti-C nanostructures (molecular clusters, nanocrystallites, nanospheres, nanofibers, nanowires) are examined, and their morphology, atomic structure, and known physicochemical characteristics are described. Theoretical models of the atomic structure and properties of new types of nanostructures in the titanium-carbon system (endo-and exohedral titanofullerenes, “hybrid” structures based on carbon nanotubes, the so-called peapods, nanocables, and a number of others) and the prospects for their application as components of nanoceramics, hydrogen accumulators, materials for spintronics, etc. are discussed. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 1–23, January–February, 2007.     

Degradative chain transfer in vinyl acetate polymerizations using toluene as solvent

In this work, we propose that retardation in vinyl acetate polymerization rate in the presence of toluene is due to degradative chain transfer. The transfer constant to toluene (C_trs) determined using the Mayo method is equal to 3.8 × 10^?3, which is remarkably similar to the value calculated from the rate data, assuming degradative chain transfer (2.7 × 10^?3). Simulations, including chain‐length‐dependent termination, were carried out to compare our degradative chain transfer model with experimental results. The conversion–time profiles showed excellent agreement between experiment and simulation. Good agreement was found for the M_n data as a function of conversion. The experimental and simulation data strongly support the postulate that degradative chain transfer is the dominant kinetic mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3620–3625, 2007     

抓好数学建模竞赛 推动数学教学改革

本文通过近几年组织数学建模教学和指导学生参加竞赛的实践 ,探索抓好数学建模竞赛 ,促进数学教学改革 ,推动数学素质教育 ,提高人才培养质量的途径、措施和方法     

Residual currents and corridor of flow in the Rio de la Plata

The Rio de la Plata is a large and shallow water body that discharges onto the Atlantic Ocean. The main driving forces for the river flow are the bathymetry, tides, the outflow from the Paraná and Uruguay rivers and the winds. A numerical model covering the entire river was set up with the objective of increasing our understanding of the hydrographical features and morphological dynamics in the Estuary. The simulations revealed a counter-clockwise residual circulation in the Samborombón Bay and an eastward net flow near the Uruguayan coast. The residual flow is forced by both the tides and the bathymetry. The residence time for the entire river ranges from 40 to 80 days. However, residence times above 120 days was found in the Samborombón Bay. Three corridors of flow have been identified.     

加权微分建模的初步研究

加权建模是必要的,微分建模是重要的,把二者结合起来,进行加权微分建模既必要也重要.给出了常用模型的微分建模结果,讨论了加权建模中的计算和权重选择问题,探讨了加权微分建模的思路和方法,并结合典型数据验证了该方法的有效性和稳定性.象加权建模一样,加权微分建模的精度、实用价值等,是和权重确定得合理与否紧密相联;应先进行模拟,以与近期实际值或典型样本相差最小的参数所对应的模型为准.