Ameliorating effects of Tamarindus indica fruit extract on anti-tubercular drugs induced liver toxicity in rats

The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica fruit against combination of two antitubercular drugs viz. Isoniazid and Rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of T. indica by DPPH–HPLC method was found to be 81.48%. Treatment with aqueous extract of T. indica significantly reduced the elevated levels of biochemical markers such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, TBARS and increased the albumin level as well antioxidant activities of SOD, CAT and GSH in intoxicated rats. The biochemical changes were supported by histological observations. Results of this study clearly demonstrate that aqueous extract of T. indica fruit protects against anti tuberculosis induced oxidative liver damage in rats and thus possess significant hepatoprotective activity. Further, it could be suggested that supplementation with this food extract might prove beneficial in the individuals on anti-TB drugs.     

Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from the Perotis indica plant

This investigation summarizes the characteristics of biofiber extracted from the Perotis indica plant. Cellulose content (68.4 wt%), density (785 kg m^?3), crystallinity index (48.3%), tensile strength (317–1,608 MPa), and Young’s modulus (8.41–69.61 GPa) properties were identified in the P. indica fibers (PIFs), and thermal stability was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis, which revealed its cellulose degradation at a temperature of 339.1°C. Further, the properties of PIFs ensured that it can play an imperative role as new reinforcement as green composites in the manufacturing industries.     

A new cytotoxic biflavonoid from the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica

One new chalcone-flavone biflavonoid, 3′-hydroxydaphnodorin A (1), together with 12 known biflavonoids (2–13), was isolated from the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Eight isolated compounds 1–3, 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against cancer-derived cell lines Hep3B, HepG2 and CNE2, and 1 was found to possess moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 and CNE2 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 65.5 ± 11.4 and 53.6 ± 10.1 μM, respectively.     

Phenyl propanoid rich extract of edible plant Halosarcia indica exert diuretic,analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity on Wistar albino rats

Abstract

Halosarcia indica (Amaranthaceae), an Edible food used in Indian traditional folk medicine. The present study aims to evaluate the diuretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Halosarcia indica aqueous extract (HAE) on Wistar albino rats. HAE was found to contain chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, scopoletin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside and β-sitosterol-D-glucopyranoside. HAE increased the urine excreted (Diuretic Index: 1.62–1.96 over 2–10?h) and curbed writhing responses significantly (40%) compared to aspirin (54.56%). It showed significant reduction in carrageenan plantar edema (42%) similar to indomethacin (48%). Anti-inflammatory activity by Cotton Granuloma method proved that HAE significantly reduced weights of pellets (dry weight 44.93?mg, wet weight 127.45?mg) similar to diclofenac sodium (dry weight 33.2?mg, wet weight 123.58?mg). Acute toxicity studies showed HAE to be safe until 2000?mg/kg. The above findings evidently propose that HAE has diuretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity as observed with rodent models.     

A Pilot-Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction to Valorize Colombian Mango Seed Kernel

Colombian mango production, which exceeded 261,000 t in 2020, generates about 40% of the whole fruit as solid waste, of which more than 50% are seed kernels (over 52,000 t solid by-product); though none is currently used for commercial purposes. This study reports the results of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) extraction of an oil rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) from revalorized mango seed kernels and the optimization of the process by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In pilot-scale scCO₂ experiments, pressure (23–37 MPa) and temperature (52–73 °C) were varied, using 4.5 kg of CO₂. The highest experimental oil extraction yield was 83 g/kg (37 MPa and 63 °C); while RSM predicted that 84 g/kg would be extracted at 35 MPa and 65 °C. Moreover, by fine-tuning pressure and temperature it was possible to obtain an EFA-rich lipid fraction in linoleic (37 g/kg) and α-linolenic (4 g/kg) acids, along with a high oleic acid content (155 g/kg), by using a relatively low extraction pressure (23 MPa), which makes the process a promising approach for the extraction of oil from mango waste on an industrial scale, based on a circular economy model.     

Two New Degraded Triterpenoids and a Novel seco‐Norabietane Diterpene from the Root Bark of Azadirachta indica

Three new compounds, the degraded ring C‐seco‐tetranortriterpenoid nimbolicidin ( 1 ), the degraded hexanortriterpenoid nimbocin ( 2 ), and the seco‐norabietane diterpene nimbocinin ( 3 ), were isolated from the root bark of Azadirachta indica A.Juss . Compound 1 is O‐bearing both at C(28) and C(29), which has been hitherto unreported in tetranortriterpenoids; 2 represents the first hexanortriterpenoid with a truncated apotirucallane (or apoeuphane) skeleton; 3 is an unprecedented seco‐norabietane. Spectroscopic data and chemical transformations of these compounds provided their complete structures.     

Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted water extraction and β-cyclodextrin encapsulation of polyphenols from Mangifera indica stem bark in counteracting TNFα-induced endothelial dysfunction

This study proposes an alternative technique to prevent heat degradation induced by classic procedures of bioactive compound extraction, comparing classical maceration/decoction in hot water of polyphenols from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) (MI) with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in a water solution of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at room temperature and testing their biological activity on TNFα-induced endothelial dysfunction. Both extracts counteracted TNFα effects on EAhy926 cells, down-modulating interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, while increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels. β-CD extract showed higher efficacy in improving endothelial function. These effects were abolished after pre-treatment with the oestrogen receptor inhibitor ICI1182,780. Moreover, the β-CD extract induced Akt activation and completely abolished the TNFα-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation. UAE and β-CD encapsulation provide an efficient extraction protocol that increases polyphenol bioavailability. Polyphenols from MI play a protective role on endothelial cells and may be further considered as oestrogen-like molecules with vascular protective properties.     

籼稻幼胚组织培养高频率植株再生及其基因转化的研究

以籼稻品种特青的幼胚作为外植体,研究了激素对愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响。ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ２ｍｇ／Ｌ作培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达１００％;愈伤组织在ＭＳ＋ＫＴ３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,分化频率为６７．３％,在此基础上利用基因枪转化技术,将外源的ｂａｒ基因导入了水稻基因组,转基因植株表现出对除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ很强的抗性。     

Study on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Extracts for the Fabrication of a Gas Sensor

This paper compared the effects of A. indica plant proteins over chemical methods in the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by a co-precipitation method, and ethanol sensing performance of prepared thin films deposited over a fluorene-doped tin oxide (FTO) bind glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The average crystallite sizes and diameters of the grain-sized cluster ZnO NPs were 25 and (701.79 ± 176.21) nm for an undoped sample and 20 and (489.99 ± 112.96) nm for A. india dye-doped sample. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of the Zn–O bond at 450 cm⁻¹, and also showed the presence of plant proteins due to A. indica dye extracts. ZnO NPs films exhibited good response (up to 51 and 72% for without and with A. indica dye-doped extracts, respectively) toward ethanol vapors with quick response-recovery characteristics at a temperature of 250 °C for undoped and 225 °C for A. indica dye-doped ZnO thin films. The interaction of A. indica dye extracts helps to decrease the operating temperature and increased the response and recovery rates of the sensor, which may be due to an increase in the specific surface area, resulting in adsorption of more oxygen and hence high response results.     

Comparative Analysis of Major Flavonoids among Parts of Lactuca indica during Different Growth Periods

L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, a medicinal plant of the Ixeris genus, is rich in flavonoids. In order to thoroughly analyze the the distribution and dynamic change of major flavonoids in its various parts from different growth periods, the flavonoids extracted from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao were identified and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that 15 flavonoids were identified from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and rutin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin are the major flavonoids in L. indica L. cv. Mengzao. In general, the total flavonoids’ content in different parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao followed the order flowers > leaves > stems > roots. Flowers and leaves are the main harvesting parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and the flowering period is the most suitable harvesting period. This study provides valuable information for the development and utilization of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao and determined the best part to harvest and the optimal time for harvesting.