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61.
本文应用双层点电荷配位场(DSPF)模型计算了Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbCl_6和Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbBr_6的能级,分析了二体系中Yb~(3+)与Cl~-、Br~-的成键。 相似文献
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二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
采用油酸失水山梨醇酯(SPAN)-壬基酚聚氧化乙烯醚(OP)复合乳化剂与K2S2O8-Na2SO3氧化还原引发剂,进行二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺反相乳液共聚合,测得单体的竞聚率为γDADMAC=0.14±0.11,γAM=5.05±0.66;在单体浓度为25─45%,引发剂浓度0.06—0.1%,乳化剂浓度为5—9%,聚合温度303K条件下,得到了共聚反应动力学方程:Rp=k[M]0.68[I]1.31[E]0.73,文中对上述结果做了解释. 相似文献
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Yong Zhong DU Fu Qiang HU Hong YUAN Shinzo OMI 《中国化学快报》2006,17(4):553-556
Stable poly(styrene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) (P(St-NaSS) nanoparticles with broader size distribution were synthesized by thermal emulsion polymerization without any conventional initiators and emulsifiers. The obtained polymer nanoparticles have higher ξ potential, and the particle sizes have broad distribution. The stability of polymer particles originated from the addition of small amounts of ionic comonomer, NaSS, which can act as an emulsifier in somewhat. The monomer conversion could reach up to about 28 wt% in 48 h, and did not increase by further polymerization when higher polymerization temperature (120 ℃) was employed. This polymerization system may be give some further understand for mechanism of emulsion polymerization. 相似文献
67.
KaiKANG ChengYouKAN YiDU YuZhongLI DeShanLIU 《中国化学快报》2005,16(6):831-834
Soap-flee P(MMA-EA-MAA) particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), and large voids inside the particles were generated by alkali posttreatment in the presence of 2-butanone. Results indicated that the size of void and theparticle volume were related with the amount of 2-butanone. The generation mechanism of voids was proposed. 相似文献
68.
Hidenobu Shimizu Tomonari Shiraishi Risei Wada Masaru Okabe 《Colloid and polymer science》2006,285(1):107-111
Soap-free emulsion copolymerization of 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (3FEA) with styrene was carried out by using potassium persulfate as an initiator, and the effects of the weight fraction of 3FEA in the monomer feed on the kinetics and the particle size were investigated. Monomer conversions were followed by a gravimetric method, revealing that the overall polymerization rate increased exponentially with an increase in the weight fraction of 3FEA. According to dynamic light scattering measurement, the final particle size was found to decrease with an increase in the weight fraction of 3FEA. The number of particles for 3FEA homopolymerization was roughly twice as large as that at the fraction of 0.9, although both fractions had the almost same polymerization rates. These results indicate that soap-free emulsion homopolymerization of 3FEA would proceed not only inside the polymer particles but also in the aqueous phase throughout the polymerization. 相似文献
69.
Rajeev K. Thakur C. Villette J.M. Aubry G. Delaplace 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2007,310(1-3):55-61
Formulation–composition map is an interesting tool to predict the nature of an emulsion, stability, viscosity and nevertheless to decide the mixing protocol of its ingredients. Information based on optimum formulation (environmental conditions at which the affinity of an emulsifier for oil and for aqueous phase is same), which is depicted through hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept, is necessary to make a formulation–composition map of an emulsion. In order to apply this concept in food emulsions, it is necessary to determine characteristic constants of each component of the system, i.e. the aqueous phase, the oil phase and the emulsifier at equilibrium. In this work formulation–composition map of a sunflower oil–water–lecithin system, based on the knowledge of phase behavior of lecithin at equilibrium and emulsification, was made. The shape of inversion line on formulation–composition map was not the classical stair type rather an almost vertical inversion line at water-fraction (fw) near 0.20 was observed. It was supposed to be linked to the viscosity of oil phase which was 50 times the viscosity of aqueous phase. Additionally, emulsions were of oil-in-water (O/W) type for fw higher than 0.20, but their viscosity and the drop size behavior with respect to salt concentration as formulation variable did not show the existence of transitional inversion line on formulation–composition map. Such map in advance can certainly facilitate the guidelines for dynamic emulsification. 相似文献
70.
双金属氰化物络合物催化环氧烷烃开环聚合的特征 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
合成了Co Zn双金属氰化物 (DMC)络合物催化剂 ,以X 射线衍射、元素分析、红外光谱等手段进行了表征 ,考察了该催化体系下环氧丙烷开环聚合的反应特性 ,并初步探讨了聚合反应的机理 .研究发现 ,Co Zn双金属氰化物催化剂具有很高的催化活性 ,适合于中高分子量聚醚的合成 ,但是碱性起始剂起阻聚作用 ;在该催化体系下聚合物分子量可控 ,不饱和度很低 (<0 .0 14meq g) ,分批加料聚合所得到的聚合物分子量分布较窄 (Mn Mw <1.4 ) ,而一步加料聚合所得到的聚合物分子量分布变宽 ;1 3C NMR分析表明聚合物主链具有无规立构分布的特点 ,且链节分布几乎都为头 尾方式 .聚合过程中活性链与非活性链之间可能存在一个交换反应 ;虽然聚合反应有终止 ,但与聚合物链长没有关系 ,聚合物链的终止是可逆的 . 相似文献