近红外光谱技术的小麦条锈病严重度分级识别

小麦条锈病是世界上影响小麦安全生产的一种重要病害。实现小麦条锈病不同严重度叶片快速、准确的分级识别,对于条锈病监测、预测预报和防治措施的制定具有重要意义。通过人工接种获得条锈病不同发病程度小麦叶片,选取8个不同严重度级别(1%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60%,80%和100%)叶片各30片和健康小麦叶片30片,利用近红外光谱技术分别获取光谱信息,共获得270条近红外光谱曲线,依据小麦叶片条锈病发病程度的不同,将其分为9个类别。从每个类别中随机选择7~8条光谱曲线作为测试集,共计67条,将剩余的203条光谱曲线作为训练集。利用定性偏最小二乘法建立小麦条锈病不同严重度叶片的定性识别模型。研究分析了不同光谱预处理方法、建模比(训练集:测试集)和建模谱区对所建模型识别效果的影响。结果表明,在4 000～9 000 cm-1谱区范围内,原始近红外光谱数据经中心化预处理后,建模比为3∶1时,采用内部交叉验证法建模,训练集和测试集的总体识别准确率分别为95.57%和97.01%,所建模型识别效果较好。表明基于近红外光谱技术进行小麦条锈病叶片严重度分级识别是可行的,为小麦条锈病的监测和评估提供了一种新方法。     

基于可见光谱和改进注意力的农作物病害识别

基于可见光谱的农作物病害自动化识别和诊断是一个具有挑战性的研究领域,但现有基于卷积神经网络进行病害识别的研究往往利用深层网络牺牲模型参数量来提高对单一农作物病害识别的准确率,从而造成硬件资源的浪费.为提高农作物病害识别的准确率且避免深层网络的使用,该研究将注意力机制引入农作物病害识别领域,提出了一种基于可见光谱和改进注...     

Analysis of thrombin‐antithrombin complex formation using microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Preterm birth (PTB) related health problems take over one million lives each year, and currently, no clinical analysis is available to determine if a fetus is at risk for PTB. Here, we describe the preparation of a key PTB risk biomarker, thrombin‐antithrombin (TAT), and characterize it using dot blots, MS, and microchip electrophoresis (µCE). The pH for fluorescently labeling TAT was also optimized using spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry. The LOD of TAT was measured in µCE. Lastly, TAT was combined with six other PTB risk biomarkers and separated in µCE. The ability to make and characterize TAT is an important step toward the development of an integrated microfluidic diagnostic for PTB risk.     

An opinion on the multiscale nature of Covid-19 type disease spread

Recognizing the multiscale, interdisciplinary nature of the Covid-19 transmission dynamics, we discuss some recent developments concerning an attempt to construct a disease spread model from the flow physics of infectious droplets and aerosols and the frequency of contact between susceptible individuals with the infectious aerosol cloud. Such an approach begins with the exhalation event–specific, respiratory droplet size distribution (both airborne/aerosolized and ballistic droplets), followed by tracking its evolution in the exhaled air to estimate the probability of infection and the rate constants of the disease spread model. The basic formulations and structure of submodels, experiments involved to validate those submodels, are discussed. Finally, in the context of preventive measures, respiratory droplet–face mask interactions are described.     

不同发病程度冬枣黑斑型病果酶类活性及芳香物质测定

对不同发病程度的冬枣黑斑型病果细胞壁降解酶、病程相关酶活性测定,表明1—3级发病程度的冬枣果实蛋白酶、脂肪酶活力(U·mg^-1)均呈迅速下降态势,分别从9.80降至3.00、11.67降至0.17,到3—5级（中等程度到严重发病）这一过程下降趋于平缓,活力保持在一个较低水平;而1—4级发病程度的果实果胶酶的活力(U·mg^-1)保持连续上升,从0.124到0.303,4级发病程度后又下降至0.291U·mg^-1,但直到果实严重发病（5级）仍保持较高活性。PPO活力、PAL活力均在4级发病程度前呈迅速上升之后又迅速下降态势。发病果实和健康果实的芳香物质种类总体上趋于一致,但含量存在一定差异,36min后发病果实出现健康果实所不具有的两种挥发性芳香类物质。     

Principles for the organization of gene-sets

A gene-set, an important concept in microarray expression analysis and systems biology, is a collection of genes and/or their products (i.e. proteins) that have some features in common. There are many different ways to construct gene-sets, but a systematic organization of these ways is lacking. Gene-sets are mainly organized ad hoc in current public-domain databases, with group header names often determined by practical reasons (such as the types of technology in obtaining the gene-sets or a balanced number of gene-sets under a header). Here we aim at providing a gene-set organization principle according to the level at which genes are connected: homology, physical map proximity, chemical interaction, biological, and phenotypic-medical levels. We also distinguish two types of connections between genes: actual connection versus sharing of a label. Actual connections denote direct biological interactions, whereas shared label connection denotes shared membership in a group. Some extensions of the framework are also addressed such as overlapping of gene-sets, modules, and the incorporation of other non-protein-coding entities such as microRNAs.     

Small Molecule Fisetin Modulates Alpha–Synuclein Aggregation

Phenolic compounds are thought to be important to prevent neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known for its typical motor features, the deposition of α-synuclein (αsyn)-positive inclusions in the brain, and for concomitant cellular pathologies that include oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neuroprotective activity of fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, was evaluated against main hallmarks of PD in relevant cellular models. At physiologically relevant concentrations, fisetin protected SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress overtaken by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and against methyl-4-phenylpyridinuim (MPP⁺)-induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons, the differentiated Lund human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells. In this cellular model, fisetin promotes the increase of the levels of dopamine transporter. Remarkably, fisetin reduced the percentage of cells containing αsyn inclusions as well as their size and subcellular localization in a yeast model of αsyn aggregation. Overall, our data show that fisetin exerts modulatory activities toward common cellular pathologies present in PD; remarkably, it modulates αsyn aggregation, supporting the idea that diets rich in this compound may prove beneficial.     

动物重大疾病的光电学传感技术新进展

实现对动物疾病标志物的早期监测,对疾病的诊断和控制有至关重要的意义。传统的动物疾病的检测方法往往具有灵敏度低、准确性差、耗时且操作门槛高等缺点。因此,亟需发展一些新型的动物疾病检测技术。本课题组长期致力于开发新型的光电传感技术,并将其用于检测猪的重大疾病。本文将结合课题组的工作,对近年来动物重大疾病检测技术进行综述,并对其未来发展进行展望。     

基于DNA分子的纳米功能材料的设计、组装及应用

DNA除了作为一种遗传信息的载体分子之外,还可以通过折叠或组装从而形成特定的二维和三维结构。通过设计DNA分子的结构并探索其与纳米材料之间的相互作用的研究已经引起了国内外学术界的持续关注。DNA功能化的无机纳米材料促进了分析科学、生命科学以及环境科学的快速发展。本文将从疾病分子机制研究、疾病诊断和疾病治疗三个角度出发,探究面向生物医学分析应用的DNA分子功能化的无机纳米材料的设计与组装。除此之外,还对DNA功能化纳米材料技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for In Vivo Theranostics of Alzheimer's Disease

Optimized theranostic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain almost absent from bench to clinic. Current probes and drugs attempting to prevent β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrosis encounter failures due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration challenge and blind intervention time window. Herein, we design a near-infrared (NIR) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe, DNTPH, via balanced hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity strategy. DNTPH binds selectively to Aβ fibrils with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In vivo imaging revealed its excellent BBB permeability and long-term tracking ability with high-performance AD diagnosis. Remarkably, DNTPH exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ fibrosis and promotes fibril disassembly, thereby attenuating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. DNTPH treatment significantly reduced Aβ plaques and rescued learning deficits in AD mice. Thus, DNTPH serves as the first AIE in vivo theranostic agent for real-time NIR imaging of Aβ plaques and AD therapy simultaneously.