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31.
碳包覆纳米金属颗粒的合成研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
碳包覆纳米金属颗粒是继富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一新型纳米碳材料,在许多领域具有广泛应用前景。本文综述了碳包覆纳米金属颗粒的合成方法,包括:电弧放电法、化学气相沉积法、热解法、液相浸渍炭化法和炭凝胶爆炸法等,简述了形成机理,总结了各自的优缺点,并指出将来的发展方向。 相似文献
32.
The working performance of agricultural machinery is largely determined by the walking performance of the wheel when driving in complex unstructured soil. However, the driving performance of existing wheels is not satisfactory for paddy field with muddy soil. The purpose of the current study is therefore to propose a novel rigid wheel for agricultural machinery which is applicable to paddy field with muddy soil. Firstly, a novel arc edge shaped wheel was designed based on the principles of mechanics on the ground. Then the driving performance of this arc edge shaped wheel was evaluated using FE modeling of interaction between rigid wheel and soil. Finally, the structure originally designed arc edge shaped wheel was improved according to FE modeling results, and this improved design was further evaluated by both FE simulation and prototype experiments. Both FE modeling and experimental results indicate that the improved arc edge shaped wheel proposed in this study has a good driving performance with regarding to wheel sinkage and soil reaction force. The proposed arc edge shaped wheel could be used as an effective component of rice harvester for paddy field with muddy soil. 相似文献
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This paper studies an arc routing problem with capacity constraints and time-dependent service costs. This problem is motivated by winter gritting applications where the “timing” of each intervention is crucial. The exact problem-solving approach reported here first transforms the arc routing problem into an equivalent node routing problem. Then, a column generation scheme is used to solve the latter. The master problem is a classical set covering problem, while the subproblems are time-dependent shortest path problems with resource constraints. These subproblems are solved using an extension of a previously developed algorithm. Computational results are reported on problems derived from a set of classical instances of the vehicle routing problem with time windows. 相似文献
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Ali Akbar Ashkarran Seyedeh Arezoo Ahmadi AfsharSeyed Mahyad Aghigh Mona kavianipour 《Polyhedron》2010
ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through arc discharge of zirconium electrodes in deionized (DI) water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as prepared nanoparticles indicates formation a mixture of nanocrystalline ZrO2 monoclinic and tetragonal phase structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate spherical ZrO2 nanoparticles with 7–30 nm diameter range, which were formed during the discharge process with 10 A arc current. The average particle size was found to increase with the increasing arc current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms formation of ZrO2 at the surface of the nanoparticles. Surface area of the sample prepared at 10 A arc current, measured by BET analysis, was 44 m2/g. Photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh. B) shows that the prepared samples at lower currents have a higher photocatalytic activity due to larger surface area and smaller particle size. 相似文献
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The Stochastic Eulerian Tour Problem (SETP) seeks the Eulerian tour of minimum expected length on an undirected Eulerian graph, when demand on the arcs that have to be serviced is probabilistic. The SETP is NP-hard and in this paper, we develop three constructive heuristics for this problem. The first two are greedy tour construction heuristics while the third is a sub-tour concatenation heuristic. Our experimental results show that for grid networks, the sub-tour concatenation heuristic performs well when the probability of service of each edge is greater than 0.1. For Euclidean networks, as the number of edges increases, the second heuristic performs the best among the three. Also, the expected length of our overall best solution is lower than the expected length of a random tour by up to 10% on average for grid networks and up to 2% for Euclidean networks. 相似文献
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Janca J. Kuzmin S. Maximov A. Titova J. Czernichowski A. 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1999,19(1):53-67
The plasma–solution interaction processes for gliding and point arcs between the aqueous solution surface and the metal electrode in the gas phase are studied. The plasma, liquid, and surface zones are taken into consideration. The electric field strength is measured, and the gas and electron temperatures and ion composition are estimated for the plasma zone. The cathode fall, water vaporization rate, and active species current yield due to the radiation chemistry mechanism are determined for the surface zone. The efficiency of oxidation of iodine ions and organic dyes by different types of discharge in the liquid zone are investigated. The difference in action of the various discharge types may be connected with various influences of the plasma and surface zone on the oxidation processes. 相似文献
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In this paper we study a partially ionized plasma that corresponds to an arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. We derive an inviscid hydrodynamic/diffusion limit, characterized by two temperatures, from a system of Boltzmann type transport equations modelling that plasma problem. The original property of this system is that impact ionization is a leading order collisional process. As a consequence, the density of electrons is given in terms of the density of the other species (and its temperature) via a Saha law. 相似文献