Applicability of Spectroscopic Methods to the Determination of Aluminium in Biological Samples

A comparative investigation was carried out of the suitability of atomic absorption spectrometry and of emission spectrography with hollow cathode and arc excitation sources for determination of aluminium in biological samples. The three methods give reliable results. Hollow cathode emission spectrography was found to be influenced to a lesser extent by matrix effects than the other two techniques. On the other hand atomic absorption spectrometry presents some remarkable advantages insofar rapidity of analysis and detection limits are concerned.     

Effect of heat-pretreatment of the graphite rod on the quality of SWCNTs by arc discharge

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been synthesized in high yield by the dc arc discharge technique under heat-pretreatment of the graphite rod conditions. Before executing arc discharge, the graphite rods containing the catalysts were heat treated at 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C for 1–3 h, respectively. Effects of heat-pretreatment of the graphite rod on the quality of SWCNTs by arc discharge were investigated. The heat-treatment temperature and time were found to be crucial for a high yield of high-purity SWCNTs. Optimum parameter was found to be at the heat-treatment temperature of 800 °C for 2 h. The SWCNTs synthesized under the optimum condition have better field-emission characteristics. The turn-on field needed to produce a current density of 10 μA/cm² is found to be 1.9 V/μm and the threshold field where current density reaches 10 mA/cm² is 3.9 V/μm.     

Deposition of TiSiN coatings by arc ion plating process

Titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) thin films were deposited on tungsten cemented carbide tools by cathode arc ion plating (AIP) process using alloy TiSi targets. The effects of silicon addition and negative substrate bias on the development of the textures of films were studied systematically by varying the bias voltage from −20 to −200 V. The structural features of the films were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction. The effect of the texture on such mechanical properties as hardness and adhesion of the films was also studied. A maximum hardness of 42 GPa was obtained at a DC substrate bias of −150 V. The characteristics of TiSiN thin films exhibited excellent adhesion of over 150 N. The cutting performance of end-mills and drillers was evaluated by milling and drilling of highly hardened material under high-speed cutting conditions. The results reveal that cutting tools with TiSiN coatings markedly outperformed those with TiN coatings, and the uncoated cutting tools. TiSiN coating increased the cutting lifetime to seven times that of the uncoated one.     

Experimental Studies of Demixing in Ar–N Plasmas Produced in a Wall‐Stabilized Arc

Plasmas produced in a wall stabilized arc in mixtures of argon and nitrogen, containing different amounts of these elements have been studied. The plasma composition turns out to be very important to the process of demixing in radial direction. In plasmas containing mainly argon, the argon mass fraction reveals a local minimum on the arc axis while in plasmas containing large amount of nitrogen the argon mass fraction have a maximum on the arc axis. The increase of nitrogen amount in Ar–N plasma influences the radial temperature profile causing a decrease of the temperature in plasma layers close to the stabilizing wall and an increase on the axis of plasma column. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Arc reversals of cycles in orientations of G vertex-multiplications

Ryser proved that any two tournaments with the same score sequence are $C_3$-equivalent while Beineke and Moon proved the $C_4$-equivalence for any two bipartite tournaments with the same score lists. In this paper, we extend these results to orientations of G vertex-multiplications. We focus on two main areas, namely orientations with the same score list and with score-list parity. Our main tools are extensions of the refinement technique, directed difference graph and a reduction lemma.     

Biomass conversion to hydrogen-rich synthesis fuels using water steam plasma

In this study, an experimental plasma-chemical reactor equipped with an arc discharge water steam plasma torch was used for biomass conversion to hydrogen-rich synthesis fuels. Glycerol and crushed wood were used as biomass sources. The effects of different conversion parameters including the water steam flow rate, treated material flow rate, and plasma torch power were studied. The experimentally obtained results were compared with the model based on the thermodynamic equilibrium. Additionally, the quantification of the plasma conversion system in terms of energy efficiency and specific energy requirement was performed. It has been found that the synthesis gas can be effectively produced from the biomass using water steam plasma.     

Extrapolation methods for approximating arc length and surface area

A well-known method of estimating the length of a parametric curve in is to sample some points from it and compute the length of the polygon passing through them. In this paper we show that for uniform sampling of regular smooth curves, Richardson extrapolation can be applied repeatedly giving a sequence of derivative-free length estimates of arbitrarily high orders of accuracy. A similar result is derived for the approximation of the area of parametric surfaces.      

超级电容在中性束弧放电电源中的应用研究

介绍了超级电容的结构原理与电路模型,以及超级电容在托卡马克装置实验中的应用。综合分析了大功率离子源弧放电电源的供电特性以及HL-2A 装置1MW 中性束注入系统的弧电源供电电路拓扑。提出了一种基于超级电容储能的5MW 中性束注入离子源弧放电电源供电方案,它能减小所需的电网容量,具有更小的体积和更高的效率、控制简单、响应速度快等特点。提出了采用恒压控制方式的基于超级电容供电的5MW 中性束注入离子源灯丝电源方案,分析了该方案的可行性和技术优势。为均衡用许多超级电容串并联组合储能时单体超级电容的电压,提出了一种可靠、高效的电压均衡电路。     

室内高压电弧/电晕的紫外特性分析和测量研究

随着我国电力技术的迅猛发展,因电弧/电晕放电造成高压设备损坏、高压线传输损耗的问题愈加引起重视。完成了电弧/电晕目标在200～1 000 nm的光谱特性测量,发现电弧电晕光谱强度分布主要集中在200～400 nm紫外波段。提出了使用紫外面阵成像技术用于探测研究电弧/电晕的方法,通过一套自制的紫外面阵成像系统,成功实现了对高压电弧/电晕目标进行的实验室内紫外成像,以及氙灯积分球辐射定标与目标反演。实验结果表明,该套紫外面阵成像系统可用于对电弧电晕放电进行实时检测。该研究验证了电弧/电晕的紫外辐射特性,在距离2 m处得到反演后的6 kV电弧的紫外240～280 nm波段的辐照度为3.39×10-5 W·cm-2,为深入开展电弧/电晕的紫外特性研究提供强有力的依据。